Rodents belong to the group of occasionally economically significant to very significant pests. Some species, especially synanthropic species, cause material damage in various ways. Successful and sustainable management of rodent control strategies requires different procedures such as prevention and rodent control measures. The present study gives an overview of the most common rodent species and methods for estimating the rodent population to assess the risk of economic damage that may occur due to rodents feeding in field crops, gardens, orchards, and young forest plantations, as well as contamination of stored food. As a prerequisite for effective integrated control of mice and voles, it is necessary to implement an adequate long-term monitoring system of these species, as they are primary pests. The integrated approach improves the treatment efficacy and reduces the treatment costs but also is considered ecologically friendlier compared to conventional measures. An integrated approach should provide an effective strategy for rodent management and control in all types of rodent habitats, from agricultural and forestry production fields to residential and public areas. By combining different preventive measures, it is possible to prevent the presence of pests, which will therefore result in a reduction of pesticide use.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of herbicides in combinations and to determine their economic feasibility in the soybean crop. The trials were placed at two locations, Pobeda and Budisava (Serbia), during 2016 and 2018, organized in a randomized block design with four replicates of all herbicide combinations (metribuzin + S-metolachlor; imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; and bentazon + imazamox + typhenesulfuron-methyl). At the first location, 16 weed species were determined, while in the second location, 14 were determined. The highest reduction in the number of weeds was achieved at the first location, using a combination of herbicides metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl with a total efficacy that ranged from 96.98% to 97.40%. Only on the second location bentazone + imazamox + tifensulfuron-methyl showed passable phytotoxicity on soybean, during both years. Based on the established economic justification, in the combinations of metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl, yield was increased for 2350 kg/ha or 1.91 times more, according to the untreated variant at first location. The economic injury level at the most effective combination of herbicides was 52.70 weeds/m 2 .Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a wonder crop of the twentieth-century and an important source of protein and vegetable oil for human and animal consumption. Today, the largest soybean producers of the world are the USA, Brazil, and Argentina [6,7]. The soybean contains approximately 40%-45% protein and 18%-22% oil, and it is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, with a favourable composition of the amino acids. For this reason, soybean is recommended for use in human consumption as a part of cholesterol-free diets [8]. In addition to this, soybean can improve soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen from the air [9], and its oil is being used for biodiesel [10]. In the semiarid and subhumid regions of the world, water stress is a major factor limiting soybean production [11]. In our country, climate has a great impact on plant growth and development, so light, heat, air, and water often represent limiting factors [12]. Economic feasibility and selection of most effective measures in weed management, during the crop season, can be the key to maximizing yields. Serbia has favorable conditions for growing soybeans though proper cultivation technology, and selection of variety is a prerequisite for economically viable soybean production. In 2016, average soybean yields in Serbia were at the level of world yields average, while production amounted to 576,446.00 t [13].Heavy weed infestations in soybeans highly interfere with the timeliness and efficiency of harvests, and if not controlled, cause severe losses in crops [14]. In soybean production, almost 37% of attainable production is endangered by weed competition compared to pathoge...

Sub-lethal doses of herbicides can promote plant growth and have a positive effect on an organism this is called hormesis. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) (1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 36, 180, and 720 g ha−1) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (7.2, 36, 180, 720, 1440, and 2880 g ha−1). Different biological parameters, such as phytotoxicity, fresh weight, root length, content of photosynthetic pigments, and shikimate concentration, were measured. Glyphosate in doses of 1440 and 2880 g ha−1 destroyed A. retroflexus plants. A fresh weight of A. retroflexus at a dose of 36 g ha−1 was reduced by 76.31%, while for the soybean it was reduced by 19.26%. At the highest dose, the shikimate concentration was 145% in the soybean, while in A. retroflexus, the concentration increased by 58.80% compared to the control plants. All doses of glyphosate were statistically significantly different in terms of chlorophyll a content, while higher doses in A. retroflexus caused chlorophyll b to decrease. The change in the production of carotenoids was not statistically significant. The results showed that sub-lethal amounts of glyphosate did not lead to stimulation of measured parameters of soybean.

The aim of study was to test the efficacy and phytotoxicity of Calaris pro (326 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) and Twister (125 g kg-1 terbuthylazine+50 g kg-1 mesotrione) on weeds in maize crop. The experiment was set up during 2017 at the Kruščić, by a random block system in four repetitions. High efficacy of herbicides was manifested on Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Setaria glauca, Hibiscus trionum and Xanthium strumarium, while low efficacy was on Sorghum halepense. The total efficacy for product Calaris pro was 94,16% and for Tvister 96,20%.

As an invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (P.Mill) Swingle can pose a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution of A. altissima along the Danube river bank in the urban and ruderal areas of Novi Sad during the period 2017-2018. The level of weediness was determined using the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) method based on the investigated species count per 1 m 2 (in 10 repetitions). A total of 7 localities with a widespread population of the species were identified and examined. The largest number of A. altissima individuals featured tree heights of up to 1 m, followed by trees of up to 10 m in height, whereas older trees exceeding 10 m in height accounted for the smallest number of individuals. The species examined was found to be predominant on chernozem and alluvial soils.