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Retrospective study data were obtained from medical records of patients. Inclusion criteria for this study were: age between 65 and 85, cognitive deficits in pharmacologically untreated hypercholesterolemia, negative personal history of smoking and the absence of diabetes mellitus. The exclusion criterion was verified intracranial haemorrhage. Patients were d into three groups based on neuroimaging findings that detected the presence one of the next two cerebrovascular ischemic or cerebral neurodegenerative lesions, or associate presence of both. Patients are further classified into those with and statistical softver Statistica 13.2 was used, as well as methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. The study included a total of 72 patients, of which 37 male (51%). According to the neuroim presence of cerebrovascular ischemic lesions was verified in 25 patients (35%), cerebral neurodegenerative lesions in 28 patients (39%), while mixed lesions were present in 19 patients (26%). Based on the significance of the difference patients with certain pathoatomic lesions, it was found that there was not statistically significant difference between groups with cerebrovasc difference was present between patients with cerebrovascular ischemic and cerebral neurodegenerative lesions (p <0.01), as well as between The difference in the proportion of male an significant in any of the defined groups of pathoatomic lesions hypertension represents a significant risk factor for the occurrence of cerebrovascular ischem cerebral neurodegenerative lesions that lead to cognitive deficits in patients with dementia and risk of atherosclerosis due to pharmacologically untreated hypercholesterolaemia.

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