-The antifungal activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil (EO) and of a biocide based on silver and hydrogen peroxide (Sanosil S003) against seven Aspergillus species isolated from different substrata (stone, brick, silk and paper) of cultural heritage objects in Serbia were evaluated. Microdilution, agar dilution and microatmosphere methods were used to determine minimal fungistatic and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC), and light microscopy to determine structural abnormalities. MIC and MFC values for O. vulgare EO ranged from 0.2 to 5 mg mL −1 and for Sanosil S003 from 5 to 250 mg mL −1 . Aspergillus sp. sect. fumigati was the most susceptible isolate, where MIC and MFC values were achieved at 0.5 mg mL −1 for O. vulgare EO, while MIC and MFC values for Sanosil S003 were achieved at 5 and 10 mg mL −1 , respectively. Morpho-physiological changes were documented in all isolates, including lack of sporulation, depigmentation of conidiogenous apparatus and conidia, and presence of aberrant fungal structures. O. vulgare EO exhibited stronger anti-Aspergillus activity than Sanosil S003, as demonstrated by the higher MIC and MFC values and fewer morpho-physiological changes observed in the tested Sanosil S003 concentrations. O. vulgare EO could be an excellent alternative to commercial biocides, with high potential in the fi eld of cultural heritage conservation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of glandular trichomes and essential oil composition of Lamium purpureum L. (Lamiaceae) and to determine potential biological activities of its different extracts. The micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on vegetative plant parts were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two types of trichomes were identified: non-glandular (simple, uniseriate, multicellular) and glandular (both peltate and capitate). The essential oil of L. purpureum was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main compounds were trans-anethole (59.61%), fenchone (6.54%), α-pinene (6.14%) and β-pinene (4.98%). The total phenol and flavonoid contents of 10%, 30% and 50% ethanol extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging and reducing power activity of extracts were analyzed using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total reducing power (TRP) assays. The 50% ethanolic extract exhibited the strongest antioxidative activity while the lowest was determined for the 10% ethanolic extract. Antifungal activity of L. purpureum hydroalcoholic extracts was evaluated against eight Aspergillus species by the microdilution method. Light microscopy (LM) demonstrated structural abnormalities of the tested Aspergilli. While the plant extracts did not exhibit fungicidal activity, morphophysiological changes (sporulation loss and depigmentation of conidial heads) were observed in all tested isolates.