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Lignocellulosic biomass chemically modified with an inorganic oxide (Al 2 O 3) was tested as a new sorbent for the removal of drug loperamide from water. Waste biomass generated from Lagenaria vulgaris plant was used as a lignocellulosic raw material. The effects of initial pH, temperature, sorbent dosage, initial loperamide concentration and hydrodynamic conditions on the sorption process were studied. The highest removal efficiency of loperamide was observed at neutral pH (5-8) and reached 99.5%, which is the greatest advantage of this hybrid. The maximal sorption capacity of the material was 48.74 mg/g. Sorption kinetics suggested that both surface reaction and diffusion were ratelimiting steps. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Also, the removal of loperamide from the river water was successfully carried out. The present study suggests that the obtained lignocellulosic-Al 2 O 3 hybrid sorbent could be used effectively for the removal of loperamide from natural waters and wastewaters.

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All mobile phases were prepared volumetrically from individually measured aliquots and were degassed for 15 min in an ultrasonic bath before use. A mixture of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (53:47, v/v) was used as a mobile phase for the determination of atenolol. Detection was carried out using a detector at 230 nm (Kumar et al., 2010). Atrazine was monitored at the wavelength of 220 nm and the isocratic mobile phase was pure acetonitrile and purified water (60:40, v/v) (Atarodia and Faghihiana, 2019). The chromatographic conditions used for cyprodinil were as follows: eluent A, water; eluent B, acetonitrile; gradient, 35-60% B over the first 3.5 min and then was stable for 20 min. The chromatograms were performed at 280nm (Vaquero-Fernandez et al., 2008). The mobile phase 0.1% formic acid and methanol (53:50, v/v) was used to determine the dicamba and the detector wavelength was set to 220 nm (Desipioa et al., 2019). The following chromatographic conditions were used for the enalapril assay method.The mobile phase contains a mixture of 0.02M NaH 2 PO 4 buffer (pH 3.0 adjusted with H 3 PO 4 ) and acetonitrile in the ratio 95:5 (v/v) (Koppala et al., 2017). The analyses of the ibuprofen decay were carried out isocratically with a methanol/water (with 1% phosphoric acid) 68:32 (v/v) mixture as the mobile phase and detector wavelength was 228 nm (Loaiza-Ambuludi et al., 2013). The mobile phase for clomazone detection was methanol and water (65:35, v/v), adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid and quantification was carried out with UV detection at 220 nm (Zanella et al., 2000). For the determination of loperamide the detector was set to 226 nm.Compound was eluted using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 0.1% sodiumoctansulphonate, 0.05% triethylamine, 0.1% ammonium hydroxide (buffer) in water:acetonitrile (45:55, v/v). The mobile phase was adjusted to pH 3.2 with phosphoric acid (Velinov et al., 2019).

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