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This paper's goal is to analyse economic development in Latvia using the concept of a macroeconomic policy regime (MPR). An MPR consists of foreign economic policy, industrial policy, the financial system, wage policy, monetary policy and fiscal policy. This paper, furthermore, aims to explore the functionality of the development of these elements in Latvia based on one normative model of an MPR using a post-Keynesian approach. This paper suggests that to achieve a growth consistent with an external balance, foreign economic policy and industrial policy should be given high priority in restructuring the economy towards production and exports of high value-added products. The financial system needs to provide sufficient finance for the business sector and maintain the stability of the financial sector, while monetary policy will be in charge of providing low-cost finance to the financial system, secure its stability and maintain the stability of the exchange rate. Wage policy would be in charge of stabilising the inflation rate. Fiscal policy's main tasks would be to reduce the shocks to aggregate demand and reduce income inequality. It will be argued that the institutional changes in Latvia paved the way for a dysfunctional policy mix, of the sort that led to unstable economic development, high current account deficits, capital flow volatility, financial system instability, inflation rate volatility, and increasing income inequality.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the economic development of Poland using the concept of macroeconomic policy regimes (MPRs). Six elements of a MPR will be identified: foreign economic policy, industrial policy, the financial system, wage policy, monetary policy and fiscal policy. Examining the functionality of the development of these elements applied to Poland is a further aim of this paper. The functionality of the development of the MPR elements will be analysed on the basis of the fulfilment of the objectives, as well as the use of the proposed instruments and strategy assigned to every element of MPR. Due to space limits, we are going to focus on the former in this paper. Taking into consideration that Poland is an emerging and a relatively open economy, foreign economic policy and industrial policy play very significant roles in restructuring of the economy towards production and exports of high value-added products, which would enable the country to follow a growth path consistent with an external balance. The financial needs of the manufacturing sector and particularly of the producers and/or exporters of high-end products need to be satisfied by the financial system, whose stability needs to be secured with the help of monetary policy. The latter is, moreover, in charge of providing low-cost finance and maintaining the stability of the exchange rate. Stabilising the inflation rate would be given to wage policy. Fiscal policy’s main tasks would be to correct aggregate demand shocks and reduce income inequality.

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