No abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) consists of an inflammatory cytokine essential for homeostasis and organism defense. Despite its physiological relevance, both increased biosynthesis and release of TNF lead to the exacerbation of inflammatory and oxidative responses, which are related to the pathogenesis of a host of diseases of an inflammatory, autoimmune and/or infectious nature. In this context, effective therapeutic approaches for the modulation of TNF have been the focus of research efforts. Approximately one million individuals worldwide have been treated with biotechnological inhibitors of this cytokine, the so-called anti-TNF biopharmaceuticals. However, given the high risk of infection and the limitations related to cost and administration routes, new therapeutic approaches aimed at biological targets that directly or indirectly modulate the production and/or activation of TNF appear promising alternatives for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory orally active drugs and are therefore discussed in this paper.Uniterms: Tumor necrosis factor. TACE. p38 MAPK. NF-kB. cAMP. Phosphodiesterase. Adenosine receptor.O fator de necrose tumoral (do inglês, tumor necrosis factor -TNF) consiste em uma citocina inflamatória essencial para a homeostase e defesa do organismo. A despeito de sua relevância fisiológica, o aumento da biossíntese e liberação do TNF conduzem à exacerbação das respostas inflamatória e oxidativa, as quais estão relacionadas à patogênese de várias doenças de natureza inflamatória, auto-imune e/ou infecciosa. A busca por abordagens terapêuticas eficientes na modulação do TNF tem sido alvo de diversos esforços de pesquisa. Aproximadamente um milhão de pessoas ao redor do mundo já foi tratado com inibidores biotecnológicos desta citocina, os chamados biofármacos anti-TNF. Entretanto, em face ao elevado risco de infecções e as limitações relacionadas ao custo e a via de administração, novas abordagens terapêuticas com foco em alvos que modulem, de forma direta ou indireta, a produção e/ou ativação do TNF surgem como alternativas promissoras para a descoberta de novos fármacos antiinflamatórios e imunomoduladores ativos por via oral e serão discutidas neste trabalho. Unitermos: Fator de necrose tumoral. TACE. MAPK p38. NF-kB. AMPc. Fosfodiesterase. Receptor de adenosina.

In this work we reported the synthesis and evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and platelet anti-aggregating properties of new 3-(arylideneamino)-2-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives (3a-j), designed as conformationally constrained analogues of analgesic 1,3-benzodioxolyl-N-acylhydrazones (1) previously developed at LASSBio. Target compounds were synthesized in very good yields exploiting abundant Brazilian natural product safrole (2) as starting material. The pharmacological assays lead us to identify compounds LASSBio-1240 (3b) and LASSBio-1272 (3d) as new analgesic prototypes, presenting an antinociceptive profile more potent and effective than dipyrone and indomethacin used, respectively, as standards in AcOH-induced abdominal constrictions assay and in the formalin test. These results confirmed the success in the exploitation of conformation restriction strategy for identification of novel cyclic N-acylhydrazone analogues with optimized analgesic profile.

Background Increased platelet response is seen in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous reports have shown that arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise training enhance vascular nitric oxide (NO) activity and inhibit platelet hyperaggregability; however, the effects of their association remain unknown. Aim To investigate whether arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise association may exert beneficial effects, reducing platelet hyperaggregability in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome. Methods Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (C) and fructose (F – water with 10% of fructose). After two weeks, the F group was subdivided into four groups: F, the same as before; fructose + arginine (FA – 880 mg/kg/day of L-arginine by gavage); fructose + training (FT); and fructose + arginine + training (FTA). Treatment lasted for eight weeks. Results The fructose administration was able to increase the collagen-induced platelet aggregation (27.4 ± 2.7%) when compared to the C group (8.0 ± 3.4%). Although the arginine supplementation (32.2 ± 6.3%) or aerobic training (23.8 ± 6.5%) did not promote any change in platelet collagen-induced hyperaggregability, the association of arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise promoted an inhibition of the platelet hyperaggregability induced by fructose administration (13.9 ± 4.4%) (P < 0.05). These effects were not observed when ADP was employed as an agonist. In addition, arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise promoted a decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels when compared to the fructose group, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions Our data indicate an important role of arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise, reducing platelet hyperaggregability and inflammatory biomarker levels in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome.