Scolytinae species are among the most damaging forest pests, and many of them are invasive. Over 1500 Scolytinae interceptions were recorded at New Zealand's borders between 1950 and 2000. Among the 103 species were Dendroctonus ponderosae, Ips typographus, and other high-risk species, but actual arrivals probably included many more species. Interceptions were primarily associated with dunnage, casewood (crating), and sawn timber, and originated from 59 countries, mainly from Europe, Australasia, northern Asia, and North America. New Zealand and United States interception data were highly correlated, and 7 of the 10 most intercepted species were shared. Interception frequency and establishment in New Zealand were not clearly related. By combining New Zealand and United States interceptions of true bark beetles we obtained data on species found in shipments from around the world. Logistic regression analysis showed that frequently intercepted species were about four times as likely as rarely intercepted species to be established somewhere. Interception records of wood and bark borers are valuable for the prediction of invaders and for our general understanding of invasions. The use of alternatives to solid wood packaging, such as processed wood, should be encouraged to reduce the spread of invasive wood and bark borers. Résumé : Les scolytinés sont parmi les ravageurs forestiers les plus dommageables et ils comptent plusieurs espèces envahissantes. Plus de 1500 interceptions de scolytinés ont été enregistrées aux frontières de la Nouvelle-Zélande entre 1950 et 2000. Parmi les 103 espèces, on trouvait Dendroctonus ponderosae, Ips typographus et d'autres espèces à haut risque mais les arrivées incluaient en réalité probablement beaucoup plus d'espèces. Les interceptions étaient principalement associées au bois d'arrimage, au bois de caisserie (emballages à claire-voie) et au bois scié et provenaient de 59 pays, surtout de l'Europe, de l'Australasie, du nord de l'Asie et de l'Amérique du Nord. Les données d'interception de la Nouvelle-Zélande et des États-Unis étaient étroitement corrélées et sept des dix espèces les plus souvent interceptées étaient communes. En Nouvelle-Zélande, la fréquence d'interception et l'établissement n'étaient pas clairement reliés.En combinant les interceptions des scolytes de l'écorce faites en Nouvelle-Zélande et aux États-Unis, les auteurs ont obtenu des données sur les espèces retrouvées dans les expéditions partout dans le monde. L'analyse de régression logistique a démontré que les espèces fréquemment interceptées avaient environ quatre fois plus de chances d'être éta-blies quelque part que les espèces rarement interceptées. Les données d'interception des xylophages et des insectes qui s'attaquent à l'écorce sont précieuses pour faire des prédictions au sujet des envahisseurs et pour notre compréhension générale des envahissements. L'utilisation de solutions de rechange à l'empaquetage avec du bois solide, telles que le bois transformé, devrait être encouragée pour réduire la dispers...
Mark-release-recapture experiments with both newly emerged and flight experienced Ips typographus L. were performed in a pine forest near Prague. Three concentric trap circles around the release site with a radius of 5 m, 200 m and 500 m, and intertrap distances of 6 m, 16 m and, maximally, 40 m, were installed with the intention of collecting all dispersing bark beetles ready to respond to pheromone lures. The results show that even without wind and no potential host trees in the surroundings, only about one-third (35.4%) of the emerging beetles in an infested site can be eliminated locally with phermomone traps. At least 12.2% of the emerging beetles (25.7% of the recaptures), perform an adaptive migration flight, which brings them beyond the range of local pheromone traps. The estimated proportion of emigrants can rise over 50%, if most of the freshly emerged beetles that have never been recaptured are assumed to have left the experimental area. Electroantennograms recorded in the laboratory at different times after emergence indicate that the delayed response to aggregation pheromones in migrating bark beetles is not the result of a delayed maturation of the antennal receptor cells, but obviously governed by the central nervous system. The notion of precopulatory migration in 25-50% of the individuals in an I. rypographus population can explain why pheromone traps can never eliminate all emerging beetles, and why so many bark beetles can be collected far away from any breeding sites.
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