OBJECTIVE -The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cutaneous disorders and their relation to disease duration, metabolic control, and microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The presence and frequency of skin manifestations were examined and compared in 212 unselected type 1 diabetic patients (aged 2-22 years, diabetes duration 1-15 years) and 196 healthy sex-and age-matched control subjects.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation of cutaneous disorders with diabetes duration, glycemic control, and microvascular complications.RESULTS -One hundred forty-two (68%) type 1 diabetic patients had at least one cutaneous disorder vs. 52 (26.5%) control subjects (P Ͻ 0.01). Diabetes-associated skin lesions were found in 81 (38%) patients. Acquired ichthyosis, rubeosis faciei, diabetic hand, and necrobiosis lipoidica were seen in 22 vs. 3%, 7.1 vs. 0%, 2.3 vs. 0%, and 2.3 vs. 0% of type 1 diabetic and control subjects, respectively. The frequency of cutaneous reactions to insulin therapy was low (-2.7%). The prevalence of fungal infections in patients and control subjects was 4.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Keratosis pilaris affected 12% of our patients vs. 1.5% of control subjects. Diabetic hand was strongly (odds ratio 1.42 [95% CI 1.11-1.81]; P Ͻ 0.001), and rubeosis faciei weakly (1.22 [1.04 -1.43]; P ϭ 0.0087), associated with diabetes duration. Significant association was also found between acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris (1.53 [1.09 -1.79]; P Ͻ 0.001).CONCLUSIONS -Cutaneous manifestations are common in type 1 diabetic patients, and some of them, like acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris, develop early in the course of the disease. Diabetic hand and rubeosis faciei are related to disease duration. Diabetes Care 30:1964-1967, 2007T hough it is well known that diabetes is associated with a number of cutaneous manifestations (1-3), there is a relative paucity of studies looking at the prevalence of skin changes in young patients with type 1 diabetes. Cutaneous manifestations generally appear subsequent to the development of diabetes but may be the first presenting sign or even precede the diagnosis by many years. The cutaneous findings can be classified into four major groups: 1) skin diseases associated with diabetes, such as scleroderma-like changes of the hand, necrobiosis lipoidica, and diabetic dermopathy; 2) cutaneous infections; 3) cutaneous manifestations of diabetes complications, such as neuropathic foot ulcers; and 4) skin reactions to diabetes treatment (1).To understand the development of skin lesions and their relationship to diabetes complications, a useful approach would be a long-term follow-up of type 1 diabetic patients and/or surveys of cutaneous disorders in younger type 1 diabetic subjects. Available data suggest that skin dryness and scleroderma-like changes of the hand represent the most common cutaneous manifestations of type 1 diabetes seen in up to 49% of the patients (3). They are interrel...

Data availabilitySummary statistics generated by COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative are available online (https://www.covid19hg.org/results/r6/). The analyses described here use the freeze 6 data. The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative continues to regularly release new data freezes. Summary statistics for samples from individuals of non-European ancestry are not currently available owing to the small individual sample sizes of these groups, but the results for 23 loci lead variants are reported in Supplementary Table 3. Individual-level data can be requested directly from the authors of the contributing studies, listed in Supplementary Table 1.

The data collected provide a new knowledge regarding the clinical and dermoscopy features of pigmented scalp tumours.

Multiple COVID-19 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified reproducible genetic associations indicating that there is a genetic component to susceptibility and severity risk. To complement these studies, we collected deep coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phenotype data from a survey of 736,723 AncestryDNA research participants. With these data, we defined eight phenotypes related to COVID-19 outcomes: four phenotypes that align with previously studied COVID-19 definitions and four 'expanded' phenotypes that focus on susceptibility given exposure, mild clinical manifestations and an aggregate score of symptom severity. We performed a replication analysis of 12 previously reported COVID-19 genetic associations with all eight phenotypes in a trans-ancestry meta-analysis of AncestryDNA research participants. In this analysis, we show distinct patterns of association at the 12 loci with the eight outcomes that we assessed. We also performed a genome-wide discovery analysis of all eight phenotypes, which did not yield new genome-wide significant loci but did suggest that three of the four 'expanded' COVID-19 phenotypes have enhanced power to capture protective genetic associations relative to the previously studied phenotypes. Thus, we conclude that continued large-scale ascertainment of deep COVID-19 phenotype data would likely represent a boon for COVID-19 therapeutic target identification.

Cutaneous manifestations have great diagnostic value for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study we tried to establish a correlation between lupus erythematosus LE-specific and LE-nonspecific cutaneous lesions and disease activity measured by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Sixty-six patients with SLE were evaluated. They were divided into three groups having: (1) only LE-specific lesions (38 or 58.46%); (2) only LE-nonspecific lesions (4 or 6.15%); and (3) both types of lesions (23 or 35.38%). Results were analyzed using the Student t-test. Patients with LE-nonspecific skin manifestations had significantly increased disease activity compared to those with only LE-specific lesions. The number of different skin lesion types also correlated with disease activity. It was significantly increased in a group with three different types of lesion, either specific or nonspecific. Patients with only one type of lesion had mild disease. An intermediate disease activity was found in the group with two different lesion types. Lupus-specific skin manifestations serve primarily as an important diagnostic clue. In conclusion, patients with LE-nonspecific lesions have significantly more active SLE than those with LE-specific lesions and may therefore require more intensive therapy and disease monitoring.