NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Šančevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents

Although Phomopsis longicolla is primarily known as a seedborne pathogen, it can be isolated from all parts of the plant. The disease lesions observed on the basal parts of soybean stems were slightly sunken with irregular shapes and sizes, bordered by a thin black margin. Within the lesions themselves, large and diffusely distributed pycnidia with α and β conidia, typical of the genus Phomopsis, were observed. The percentages of the two types of conidia varied considerably, but β conidia were predominant in most of the pycnidia. The presence of these reproductive organs indicated that the symptoms could have been caused by Phomopsis sojae. However, after isolation on a nutritive medium, all cultural and morphological characteristics clearly indicated that the isolated fungus was P. longicolla, whose identification was subsequently confirmed by sequencing three genomic regions. Monosporic isolates, with different ratios of α and β conidia, exhibited a high level of pathogenicity on soybean, after artificial inoculation. Both types of conidia were observed on the stems of the inoculated soybean plants. Beta conidia also formed quickly on medium made of soybean seeds and mature stems after exposure to low temperatures (−10°C). This study suggests that P. longicolla is capable of a massive production of β conidia, not only in old fungal cultures as it had until now been believed, but also in infected soybean plants in the field.

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Summary: This paper presents an overview of the research on soybean resistance to pathogens. The review included most harmful agents of soybean diseases in Serbia, as well as those that are potentially harmful. Development and cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most efficient, economical and environmentally acceptable control measure for plant disease. It points to the variability in pathogenicity (physiological races) of parasites, especially expressed in Phytophthora sojae, Peronospora manshurica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, which requires continuous breeding for resistance. Resistant, partially resistant and moderately susceptible genotypes, which are used as donors of resistance genes to different pathogens, are listed in this paper. Also, avirulent genes in the parasite and resistance genes in soybean are indicated. Gene mapping significantly contributes to better understanding of the mode of inheritance and consequently, more efficient breeding for disease resistance. Significant improvement is expected by using molecular techniques, especially in dealing with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and Phomopsis longicolla. For these parasites only partial resistance has been reported but not complete resistance.