ARI Research Reports and Technical Papers are intended for sponsors of R&D tasks and other research and military agencies. Any findings ready for implementation at the time of publication are presented in the latter part of the Brief. Upon completion of a major phase of the task, formal recommendations for official action normally are conveyed to appropriate military agencies by briefing or Disposition Form. Ail .3 I :-44. FOREWORD _________________ The Individual Training and Skill Evaluation Technical Area of the Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) has actively pursued a program of research in support of the systems engineering of training. A major focus of this research is to develop the fundamental data and technology necessary to field integrated systems for improving individual job performance. Such systems include Skill Qualification Testing (SQT), job performance aids, training courses in schools and in the field, performance criteria, and management and feedback systems. This report summarizes the first step in the development L of methods to assess and enhance the retention of job skills. This research is in response to the question, from the Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), "What is the required frequency of refresher training to maintain performance proficiency?" Work was accomplished by ARI personnel, under Army Project 2QI62722A777, •Y 1978, "Individual Training Technology." Comments and editorial assistance were provided by Mr. J.

and French Indo-China, is inhabited chiefly by peoples who belong to four linguistic stocks-the Tibeto-Burman, the Chinese, the Thai, and the Mon-Khmer. Of these, the first and last exhibit, in varying form and under diverse names, a social-religious complex, ordinarily called Genna by Englishspeaking writers.In the Tibeto-Burman group are included, from Burma, the Burmese, the Chin, and the Kachin, as well as their more northerly congeners, who, like the Moso and Lisu, occupy the borderlands between Yunnan, Burma, and Tibet; from Lower Assam, the Lushai and Kuki, derived from the Chin Hills; from Manipur, the Meitheis; from Assam and Manipur, the Naga tribes, and the Bodo, sometimes so-called-Garo, Mikir,' and Kachari; and, horn the foothills of the Himalayas and a distance south, the Aka, Dafla, Abor, Miri, and Mishmi. Three strata are in point of time distinguished. The oldest comprehends the ancestral Burmese certainly (references to these in Indian literature antedate the Christian era) and probably the Chin, Lushai-Kuki, Meitheis, and Naga. It also contains the Karen. The Karen dialects belong, with Chinese and Thai, to the Sinitic group of languages; the Sinitic and the Tibeto-Burman are the two great branches of the Tibeto-Chinese superstockf The most recent stratum is that constituted by the Abors, Miris, Mishmis, Daflas, and Akas, whose descent from their Himalayan homes into the valley of the Brahmaputra dates back not more than 150 years. There is a third, older than the latest yet considerably newer than the earliest, which I take to include the Gar0 and Mikir, the T G. A. Grierson, in the Linguistic Survey of India, 3, pt. 2, classifies 'Mikir as 2 I. H. R. Marshall, The Karen People of Burma. Ohio State Univ. Bull., v. 26, Naga-B odo. no. 3, 1922. 580 KATZ] GENNA IN SOUTHEASTERN ASIA 58 1Kachin, and, in a sense, the Kachari. The Kachari are ancient in the valley of the Brahmaputra, in whose western reaches they founded, at least as early as the first centuries of our era, the Kingdom of Kamarupa. Endle3 considers that they emerged originally from Tibet and China, and flowed in-two streams southward, the one into Western Assam, there to establish Kamarupa, the other down into Eastern Assam. The latter, if Endle be correct, might well be part of the first incursion of Tibeto-Burman peoples. Not un ti1 the thirteenth century, however, do we find the Kachari at Dimapur, whence come the present Kachari of North Cachar and northward, whom we may assign to the intermediate stratum.Each stratum is redivided into finer laminae, whose inclusion and interrelationship scanty historical materials do not permit us to determine. Three drifts there were, broadly speaking, long-continued and appreciably distinct. On their constitution and significance it is my endeavor in the present paper to shed light.Wilhelm Schmidt has demonstrated that the Munda tongues and the Khasi, the Mon, Palaung, and Wa spoken in Burma, the Khmer of Cambodia, and the languages of certain of the wilder folk of French Indo-China (of whom t...

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract