This study investigates whether feedforward neural networks with two hidden layers generalise better than those with one. In contrast to the existing literature, a method is proposed which allows these networks to be compared empirically on a hidden-node-by-hidden-node basis. This is applied to ten public domain function approximation datasets. Networks with two hidden layers were found to be better generalisers in nine of the ten cases, although the actual degree of improvement is case dependent. The proposed method can be used to rapidly determine whether it is worth considering two hidden layers for a given problem
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This paper describes a project aimed at making Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)- based fire simulation accessible to members of the fire safety engineering community. Over the past few years, the practice of CFD-based fire simulation has begun the transition from the confines of the research laboratory to the desk of the fire safety engineer. To a certain extent, this move has been driven by the demands of performance based building codes. However, while CFD modeling has many benefits over other forms of fire simulation, it requires a great deal of expertise on the user's part to obtain reasonable simulation results. The project described in this paper, SMARTFIRE, aims to relieve some of this dependence on expertise so that users are less concerned with the details of CFD analysis and can concentrate on results. This aim is achieved by the use of an expert system component as part of the software suite which takes some of the expertise burden away from the user. SMARTFIRE also makes use of the latest developments in CFD technology in order to make the CFD analysis more efficient. This paper describes design considera tions of the SMARTFIRE software, emphasizing its open architecture, CFD engine and knowledge-based systems.
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