Thin surface layers on fine particles were found to substantially change their functionalities and properties, such as chemical reactivity, thermal stability, catalytic activity, dispersibility, or optical, magnetic and electronic properties. Because of that, the core/shell nanostructures have opened up research opportunities in almost all areas of science and engineering, including medicine, catalysis, biotechnology, chemistry, optics, electronics, energy storage, etc. Immense efforts have been implied to produce and investigate different core/shell systems, and thereby, various synthesis techniques have been developed. In this review, we report adetailed overview of different synthesis techniques used for preparation of various ceramics core/shell nanostructures with tunable size and tailored structure

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Stationary bifurcations in several nonlinear models of fluid conveying pipes fixed at both ends are analyzed with the use of Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction and singularity theory. Influence of the gravitational force, curvature and vertical elastic support on various properties of bifurcating solutions are investigated. In particular the conditions for occurrence of supercritical and subcritical bifurcations are presented for the models of Holmes, Thurman and Mote, and Paidoussis. r

This study presents quantitative and qualitative insights into the analysis of data obtained by tracking the motion of reflective markers arranged along the trunk of a pole-like potted tree, which was recorded by a state-of-the-art infrared motion-tracking system. The experimental results showed in-plane damped trajectories of the markers with lateral displacements, i.e. out-of-plane vibrations of the tree under consideration. To explain such response and to determine the corresponding oscillatory characteristics, a completely new and original utilisation of the recorded in-plane damped trajectories is presented. The quantitative insight gained is based on the mechanical model that consists of two orthogonal springs and dampers placed in the plane where the motion takes place, and it is then directed towards the determination of the characteristics of the related orthogonal oscillations: two natural frequencies, the position of the principal axes to which they correspond, and two damping ratios. The qualitative insight gained involves analysing the shape and narrowness of the trajectory to assess how close-valued two natural frequencies are, and how small the overall damping is. The quantitative and qualitative methodologies presented herein are seen as beneficial for arboriculture, forestry and botany, but given the fact that orthogonal oscillations appears in many natural and engineering systems, they are also expected to be useful for specialists in other fields of science and engineering as well.

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