Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are frequently found in various types of cancerous and transformed cells, with recent studies implicating the upregulation of COX-2 and MMPs in the development of breast cancer. This article investigated the effects of jaceosidin (4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',6-dimethoxyflavone) isolated from Artemisia argyi on the upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 induced by the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A cells). Treatment of MCF10A cells with TPA induced the upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9, and this was attenuated by jaceosidin treatment. Jaceosidin also inhibited the invasive and migrative phenotypes of MCF10A cells induced by TPA. Furthermore, jaceosidin blocked the TPA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK-1 and -2), which is one of the signaling molecules regulating COX-2 and MMP. These results suggest that jaceosidin inhibits the TPA-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 by blocking ERK-1 and -2 phosphorylation in human breast epithelial cells, which may be indicative of its chemopreventive potential.

In this paper, we propose a multi-way relaying system, in which  communicating nodes interchange their information one another by the help of a multiple-antenna non-regenerative relay station (RS). While the conventional multi-way relaying requires  transmission phases to complete the data exchange, the proposed system completes the mission with  phases composed of one multiple access phase and    broadcast phases. For effective broadcast transmission, the proposed system pairs users for signal transmission with a new RS beamforming matrix not to interfere with the nodes of different pairs and a self-interference canceler at each node. The performance evaluation in terms of the average sum rate shows that the proposed system outperforms the conventional one with more significant gain when the number of RS antennas is comparable to the number of communicating nodes. The proposed schemes can be applicable to marine communications where the ships need to share their information with extended coverage.

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This paper introduces a multiplierless multinomial filter with a simple cascaded form by a base filter. That the phase characteristic of the proposed filter was linear from the phase equation had derived from the transfer function of that. In order to obtain the magnitude characteristic in terms of normalized frequency, the coefficients of the transfer function are required, but it is very difficult to obtain them from an existing formula for multinomial coefficients. A new and compact formulas to obtain the coefficients easily compared to a well-known formula so that they can evaluate even for large cascaded stages had derived. The numbers of stages to meet the required attenuation had formulated in terms of the normalized frequency. The attenuation performances according to the number of base filters for multinomial filters consisted of two types of MA filters with 4 and 8 of lengths respectively had also evaluated.Since the proposed filter has a unified and simple cascaded structure and does not require any multiplier like the binomial filter, it is expected that they will have many applications in the areas such as high-speed communication and image signal processing.

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