Curcuma longa, C. wenyujin and C. phaeocaulis are important herbal medicine which of rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the family Zingiberaceae. This study generated a complete chloroplast genome sequence of three medicinal species were characterized by de novo assembly with whole genome sequencing data. The length of complete chloroplast genome were 162,180 bp ( C. longa ), 162,266 bp ( C. wenyujin ), and 162,133 bp ( C. phaeocaulis ), respectively, with four structures that were included in large single copy region (87,001 bp, 87,042 bp, and 87,013 bp), small single copy region (15,681 bp, 15,710 bp, and 15,622 bp), and duplicated inverted regions (29,749 bp, 29,757 bp and 29,749 bp of each). Based on phylogenetic trees, C. longa, C. wenyujin, and C. phaeocaulis were grouped by high bootstrap value with Curcuma species. This result approved that C. longa, C. wenyujin and C. phaeocaulis were comprised in Alpinia and Wurfbainia . Therefore, this chloroplast genome data firstly generated valuable genetic resource in discrimination of herbal materials, phylogeny and development DNA marker.

PurposeWe developed an adverse events (AEs) reporting form for Korean folk medicine.MethodsThe first version of the form was developed and tested in the clinical setting for spontaneous reporting of AEs. Additional revisions to the reporting form were made based on collected data and expert input.ResultsWe developed an AEs reporting form for Korean folk medicine. The items of this form were based on patient information, folk medicine properties, and AEs. For causality assessment, folk medicine properties such as classification, common and vernacular names, scientific name, part used, harvesting time, storage conditions, purchasing route, product licensing, prescription, persons with similar exposure, any remnant of raw natural products collected from the patient, and cautions or contraindications were added.ConclusionsThis is the first reporting form for AEs that incorporates important characteristics of Korean folk medicine. This form would have an important role in reporting adverse events for Korean folk medicine. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.