Background: This study was performed to review the efficacy of national and international randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating Chuna manipulative treatment for ankle sprains. Methods: Online databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CNKI, NDSL, OASIS), were searched for studies where Chuna treatment was performed for ankle sprains up to October 12th, 2017. Only RCT were selected that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: There were 676 studies retrieved from the databases, resulting in analysis of 24 RCT. There was an average of 7 treatment visits over a 7 day period and the most frequent evaluation tool used was efficacy rate, with drug therapy being the most common control used in the trials. In 15 RCT, several Chuna methods were used in combination, amongst which, the osteopathic technique was most common. Statistically significant improvement in evaluation indices was reported in 19 RCT, and in 3 RCT, statistically significant improvement was reported, but not for all indices. In the remaining 2 RCT, there were no significant differences in any of the evaluation indices. No adverse reactions were reported in any of the RCT, although it was unknown whether all the trial protocols indicated that adverse reactions should be monitored, and for this reason, the risk of bias was unclear. Conclusion:The review of 24 studies suggest that Chuna manipulative treatment for ankle sprains was effective in most cases, although, potential bias in these studies was difficult to evaluate.

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The thermoplastic forming (TPF) process of metallic glass (MG) is a unique and powerful method that cannot be performed using conventional crystalline alloys. Because the mechanical and thermal properties of MGs are more favorable with smaller sample sizes, TPF is particularly useful for microscale and nanoscale part molding and micro-patterning. One of the promising commercial MG applications that can take full advantage of these characteristics is hologram patterning. Holograms can be used to identify unique brands, using characteristics with patterns that are difficult to replicate. Their excellent aesthetic qualities can also greatly contribute to increased product value. In this study, we developed and performed a TPF process for actual holographic imprinting with Mg-based MGs, and further investigated the TPF processing window, covering a wide range of temperature and process time conditions through thermal analysis, with ultra-fast heating rates ranging from 100 to 25000 K/s using Flash-DSC. The results of this study serve as a practical guide for identifying the full range of TPF processing windows including conventional and ultrafast heating conditions for micro-scale and nanoscale molding of various MGs. Moreover, a methodology is proposed to identify the general TPF processing window (<i>η</i><10⁸Pa· s) and the ideal TPF processing window (<i>η</i><10⁴Pa· s) by estimating the viscosity (<i>η</i>) of the supercooled liquid. Accordingly, this study is expected to be utilized to optimize the TPF process of MGs and promote the commercialization of related industries.

Background:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate efficacy and patient satisfaction of acupuncture or Chuna therapy for back pain. Methods: Amongst all the patients with back pain who had been treated at Sun-cheon korean medicine hospital, Dong-shin university, only patients that had received either acupuncture or Chuna manual therapy between September 1 and October 31, 2017 were selected and their medical charts retrospectively analyzed. A questionnaire was used in the investigation that consisted of a numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry low-back pain disability index (ODI), general, emotional, conversational, and technical satisfaction. The questionnaire was completed before treatment and at weekly intervals (approximately). Treatment efficacy was analyzed using the first and last questionnaires. The last questionnaire was also used to establish patient satisfaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 21.0. Results: The NRS, Current degree of pain (ODI-1), and total ODI were significantly decreased in both the acupuncture and Chuna groups. The differences in NRS, ODI-1, and total ODI changes between treatment groups were not significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the acupuncture and Chuna groups in terms of general, emotional, conversational, and technical satisfaction. Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment significantly reduces NRS and ODI in patients who have back pain without structural transformation, and Chuna therapy significantly reduces NRS and ODI-1 in patients who have back pain with structural transformation. These results indicate that further studies should be conducted in more patients and over a longer period.