This article explores how Human Resource (HR) policies and practices influence employee perceptions of organizational justice, which in turn impacts employee emotions and feelings of emotional exhaustion. Using structural equation modelling and based on employee survey data drawn from two manufacturing organizations, we find that a strong HR system -perceived by workers as distinctive, attractive and consistently implemented -fosters perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactive justice. However, only distributive injustice leads to negative emotions and emotional exhaustion. This is explained by reference to the cultural and institutional context (China), status (migrant) and type of workers (semi-skilled, manual) included in the study. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications that arise from these findings.
Background and Aim
Reported incidence and prevalence rates of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been sparse and heterogeneous. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the worldwide incidence and prevalence rates of AIH and reveal population difference.
Methods
Published articles on the epidemiology of AIH in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 28, 2019. Two investigators independently reviewed these literatures and evaluated their quality. A random‐effects model was used to pool the overall incidence and prevalence rates. The impact of population difference, gender, age, study period, study quality, diagnostic criteria, and study design was further analyzed with subgroup analysis and meta‐regression.
Results
A total of 22 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled worldwide annual incidence and prevalence of AIH were 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1.80) and 17.44 (95% CI: 12.01–22.87) per 100 000 persons, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled annual incidence for Asian, European, and American population was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.42–2.20), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10–1.64), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.44–1.56) per 100 000 persons, respectively; the pooled prevalence for Asian, European, and American population was 12.99 (95% CI: 2.05–23.92), 19.44 (95% CI: 15.63–23.24), and 22.80 (95% CI: −13.48 to 59.07) per 100 000 persons, respectively. In addition, higher incidence and prevalence rates were observed in women than men, and a higher prevalence rate was observed in elderly than young people.
Conclusions
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare disease, with a similar incidence worldwide and a higher prevalence in European and American than in Asian population.
Carbon-based transition-metal oxides are considered as an appropriate anode material candidate for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a simple and scalable dry production process is developed to produce carbon-encapsulated 3D net-like FeO /C materials. The process is simply associated with the pyrolysis of a solid carbon source, such as filter paper, adsorbed with ferrite nitrate. The carbon derived from filter paper induces a carbothermal reduction to form metallic Fe, the addition of carbon and iron increase the conductivity of this material. As expected, this 3D net-like FeO /C composite delivers an excellent charge capacity of 851.3 mAh g after 50 cycles at 0.2 A g as well as high stability and rate performance of 714.7 mAh g after 300 cycles at 1 A g . Superior performance, harmlessness, low costs, and high yield may greatly stimulate the practical application of the products as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
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