A breakthrough utilizing an anionic redox reaction (O
2−
/O
n−
) for charge compensation has led to the development of high‐energy cathode materials in sodium‐ion batteries. However, its reaction results in a large voltage hysteresis due to the structural degradation arising from an oxygen loss. Herein, an interesting P2‐type Mn‐based compound exhibits a distinct two‐phase behavior preserving a high‐potential anionic redox (≈4.2 V vs Na
+
/Na) even during the subsequent cycling. Through a systematic series of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the anionic redox reaction originating from O 2p‐electron and the reversible unmixing of Na‐rich and Na‐poor phases are confirmed in detail. In light of the combined study, a critical role of the anion‐redox‐induced two‐phase reaction in the positive‐negative point of view is demonstrated, suggesting a rational design principle considering the phase separation and lattice mismatch. Furthermore, these results provide an exciting approach for utilizing the high‐voltage feature in Mn‐based layered cathode materials that are charge‐compensated by an anionic redox reaction.
SnS nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon are prepared by using Sn(salen) and exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries.
Integrated with heat-generating devices,
a Li-ion battery (LIB)
often operates at 20–40 °C higher than the ordinary working
temperature. Although macroscopic investigation of the thermal contribution
has shown a significant reduction in the LIB performance, the molecular
level structural and chemical origin of battery aging in a mild thermal
environment has not been elucidated. On the basis of the combined
experiments of the electrochemical measurements, Cs-corrected electron
microscopy, and in situ analyses, we herein provide operando structural
and chemical insights on how a mild thermal environment affects the
overall battery performance using anatase TiO2 as a model
intercalation compound. Interestingly, a mild thermal condition induces
excess lithium intercalation even at near-ambient temperature (45
°C), which does not occur at the ordinary working temperature.
The anomalous intercalation enables excess lithium storage in the
first few cycles but exerts severe intracrystal stress, consequently
cracking the crystal that leads to battery aging. Importantly, this
mild thermal effect is accumulated upon cycling, resulting in irreversible
capacity loss even after the thermal condition is removed. Battery
aging at a high working temperature is universal in nearly all intercalation
compounds, and therefore, it is significant to understand how the
thermal condition contributes to battery aging for designing intercalation
compounds for advanced battery electrode materials.
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