Introduction: Organizational climate is a set of characteristics of the work environment that are perceived directly and indirectly by employees and influence the behaviour of the organization’s employees. An appropriate organizational climate can be effective in motivating employees, improving morale and the staff’s participation in decision-making. So, it can be effective in increasing the staff’s creativity and innovation as well as productivity and self-efficacy of them. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the association of organizational climate with the job self-efficacy of the operating room staff in the medical training centres of IUMS in 2020–2021. Methods: This study is descriptive and analytical research conducted in 2020–2021. The participants of this study include all the operating room. The research sample included 220 people. The data collection tools in this study are demographic characteristics form, questionnaire on organizational climate and Lyle Sussman and a job self-efficacy questionnaire by Riggs and Knight. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software through statistics of Spearman’s correlation, multiple regression model and Mann–Whitney. Results: More than half of the participants (50.5%) had a good organizational climate and high self-efficacy (58.2%). The results of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between organizational climate and self-efficacy (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Considering that there was a significant association between the organizational climate and self-efficacy, it is recommended that the officials of medical training centres improve the job self-efficacy and organizational climate of the operating room staff based on the conditions and rules governing the operating room by considering the following factors; knowing the organizational climate and personal characteristics of operating room staff, knowing the causes of various conflicts and knowing the ambiguities and challenges in the work environment.