Background and objectives: NF-kB, SIRT1 and systemic inflammation factors including hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α accelerate atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of daily supplementation of threegram cinnamon on plasma levels of NF-kB, SIRT, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α among type 2 diabetes patients. Subjects and methods: A randomized, double blind, and controlled clinical trial was performed with 44 adult patients who were 25 to 70 years old with type 2 diabetes, randomized to two intervention (n = 22) and control (n = 22) groups differing by daily three grams cinnamon supplementation and placebo for 8 weeks, respectively. The plasma levels of NF-kB, SIRT, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA assay at the beginning and end of the study. Results: After 8-week intervention, 39 subjects (n = 20 in the cinnamon and n = 19 in the placebo groups) ended up the trial. It was not observed significant difference in levels of hs-CRP (P = 0.29), TNF-α (P = 0.27), IL-6 (P = 0.52), and Sirtuin-1 (P = 0.51) in between group comparison. While, the result showed significant difference in levels of NF-kB (P = 0.02) between groups. As well as, in among group comparison, there was not observed significant differences except in hs-CRP (P = 0.008) in placebo group. Conclusions: This study elucidated that cinnamon supplementation has no beneficial effects in reduction of NF-kB, SIRT1, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in type 2 diabetes patients which have a considerable role in development of atherogenesis.

Objective Evidence indicates that probiotic supplements may improve or prevent depression. Little is known about the effects of probiotic supplementation on symptoms of depression and quality of life (QOL) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 patients with a recent diagnosis of MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either capsules containing 1.6 × 109 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus rhamnosus capsules with their lunch (the active intervention group) or capsules that contained maltodextrin (the placebo control group) for 12 weeks. The Beck Depression Inventory, QOL, and biomarkers of oxidative stress (serum total antioxidant capacity), and malondialdehyde), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as inflammation marker were assessed. These measures were obtained at baseline and at 12 weeks’ follow-up. Results The total Beck Depression Inventory score decreased significantly in patients who received probiotic supplements compared with the placebo group (−5.57 [6.1] versus −0.51 [2.8], p = .045). Improvements in the mean QOL score were also stronger in the probiotic versus the placebo group (23.6 [39.1] versus 0.44 [42.6], p = .023). In addition, increases in total antioxidant capacity (93.7 [88.4] versus 27.54 [64.7] mmol/l, p = .009) and decreases in malondialdehyde (−40.7 [63.73] versus −4.2 [67.6] nmol/ml, p = .033) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−1.74 [0.70] versus 0.67 [1.27] mg/l, p = .040) levels were stronger in patients receiving probiotic supplementation than the placebo group. Conclusion These data provide preliminary evidence that probiotic supplementation in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention post-MI has beneficial effects on depressive symptoms and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to replicate these findings and identify patient subgroups with the most benefit from probiotic supplementation. Trial Registration: www.irct.ir identifier: IRCT20121028011288N15.