Food insecurity creates serious ethical, economic, and stability problems in all countries of the world, resulting in a need for its research. Each country seeks to ensure the highest degree of self-sufficiency in meeting the food needs by its own food production. However, the production of a sufficient quantity of food, and in particular its adequate structure, is not always fully realized. Therefore, ensuring food security has become an issue of primary strategic importance. Given that all the countries of the former Yugoslavia are relatively new countries undergoing a difficult period of transition, and that there are no local studies on food security, it remains to be examined how food- secure these countries are today and what factors affect their food security. The survey covered all countries of the former Yugoslavia: Republic of Serbia, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Croatia, Republic of Slovenia and Northern Macedonia. The survey data were taken from the FAOSTAT database, World Bank, as well as the national statistics of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, and hierarchical regression analysis was used. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant influence on the level of food security of all independent factors: general level of economic development, population growth, foreign trade, investments in agriculture. Of all the countries of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia has emerged as the most nutritionally secure country, while the lowest level of food security has been observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Abstract

Achieving food security and resources sustainability have a high priority in agrarian policy that  universal for all economies. Today modern agriculture has many complex challenges, so a sustainable agriculture approach is needed. Agriculture now must produce more food, using available natural resources efficiently and sustainably, including a reduction of post-harvest losses and waste, and developing agriculture more resilient to climate change. The Republic of Serbia has a good quality of agricultural land, favorable ratio of available land per capita, and favorable climate conditions for agricultural production. However, Serbia has a large number of small farms with fragmented property, family workforce, low level of technical equipment and capital, which have a high production costs and irrational use of resources. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact ofresource use on the level of food security in the Republic of Serbia. The survey data were taken from the FAOSTAT database, World Bank, as well as the national statistics of the Republic of Serbia and hierarchical regression analysis was used. The results of the research have shown that resource supply has a statistically significant impact on the level of food security in the Republic of Serbia.

This paper examines factors that affect the level of food security in the former Yugoslavia (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro and Macedonia). The data on the basis of which the research was carried out were collected from the national statistics and the database of the World Bank for the period 2006–2018, and as a statistical method, the multivariant analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. The results obtained indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between the gross domestic product per capita ($), growth of urban population, growth of rural population, percentage of undernourished population and poverty rate. Differences between countries in terms of these factors indicate the level of food security.