La perte du contrôle des crises chez un patient compliant au traitement est toujours source de préoccupations diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques. Nous rapportons un cas de rachitisme chez un patient de 4 ans, infirme moteur cérébral et épileptique sous traitement par phénobarbital depuis 2 ans; rachitisme découvert à la faveur d'une perte du contrôle épileptique. Le patient était admis pour des convulsions répétées en contexte afébrile. L'observance thérapeutique était bonne, et aucune convulsion n'avait été observée pendant les 12 mois précédents. Il ne recevait pas de vitamine D. Le rachitisme était suspecté cliniquement, et confirmé par les trouvailles radiologiques et biologiques. Le contrôle des crises était retrouvé dès le 3ème jour d'hospitalisation après apports de calcium intraveineux et de vitamine D. Les convulsions étaient imputées à une hypocalcémie sur rachitisme. La prise prolongée de phénobarbital sans supplémentation en vitamine D, ainsi qu'une exposition solaire insuffisante étaient incriminées. Avant toute escalade thérapeutique, des convulsions hypocalcémiques et un rachitisme doivent toujours être exclus devant une perte du contrôle des crises chez tout patient épileptique à mobilité réduite. Par ailleurs, une supplémentation en vitamine D et une exposition suffisante au soleil devront être recommandées pour certains traitements antiépileptiques au long cours.
The aim of this review was to assess all the studies on rotavirus G and P characterization during the pre-vaccine period (1999–2013) in Cameroon to have a better basis for post-vaccine introduction evaluations.
A retrospective study was done through a comprehensive review of published (PubMed, Google Scholar) and accessible unpublished data on rotavirus G and P genotypes circulating in five regions of Cameroon. Descriptive data were expressed as frequencies tables and proportions.
A total of 1844 rotavirus positive cases were analyzed. In all, 1534 strains were characterized for the P (VP4) specificity. Six different VP4 genotypes were observed, including P [4], P [6], P [8], P [9], P [10] and P [14]. The most predominant P genotypes were P [8] at 42.6%, and P [6] at 37.9%. Mixed infections were observed at 5.3%, whereas 4.1% of the strains were P non-typeable. A total of 1518 rotavirus strains were characterized for the G (VP7) specificity. VP7 genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8, G9, G10 and G12 were observed. G1 (35.3%), G3 (19.5%), G2 (14.9%) and G12 (10.1%) were the predominant G genotypes while G5 and G10 were least prevalent at 0.06% each. Approximately 5.1% of all strains were G non-typeable whereas 5.3% were mixed G genotypes. A total of 1472 strains were characterized for both G and P genes, from which 38 different G–P combinations were observed. Overall, G1P [8] (22%) was identified as the predominant rotavirus strain circulating in Cameroon followed by G3P [6] (15%).
In conclusion, we observed that the genotypes identified in Cameroon during 1999–2013 were partially covered by the two WHO recommended rotavirus vaccines. This review provides comprehensive up-to-date information on rotavirus strain surveillance in Cameroon during the pre-vaccination era.
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