The double excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (bis-HPTA) has been investigated and found to undergo a new type of proton transfer.

Logic gates with different radixes have been constructed using a biologically active molecule, 2-(4'-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (DMAPIP-b). Taking advantage of the multiple binding sites of the fluorophore, a series of different molecular logic gates are developed using fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths. The high emission of the molecule is drastically quenched in the presence of Fe(3+). It is regained by the addition of an equivalent amount of F(-). The fluorescence On-Off nature has been used to construct molecular full subtractor and molecular keypad lock system with Boolean logic. A ternary system is generated by considering three defined fluorescence intensities at particular wavelengths. The smooth dependency of emission intensities with analyte concentration is utilized to construct an infinite-valued fuzzy logic system. The fuzzy logic system is further coupled with a neuro-adaptation method to predict more accurately the dependency of molecular intensity on external inputs.

A molecular photoswitch, 2-(4′-diethylamino-2′-hydroxyphenyl)-1Himidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine (DHP), with mutually independent paths of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) was developed. Control over these processes was attained by switching the solvents. Depending on the solvent's hydrogen-bond capacity and polarity, either one of the photoprocesses (ESIPT or TICT) or both can be triggered. Accordingly, normal and tautomer emissions, normal and TICT emissions, or triple emission of normal, tautomer, and TICT were obtained from the molecule. The emissions were resolved by fluorescence lifetime. The conclusions were established by synthesizing and studying the methoxy derivative of the molecule.

Proton transfer triggered proton transfer (PTTPT) of the molecule is completely altered by dimethylformamide and the proton transfer paths are changed. The process can be reversed by silver particle.

Despite the fact that 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HPBI) exists as the cis and trans enol in neutral form, it was reported to exist only in the trans form upon deprotonation in an aqueous medium. It was also shown that the dianion formed in the ground state can be re-protonated to form the trans-anion in the excited state. In the present study, the cis-anion and dianion could be obtained upon proper stabilization in suitable environments. Switching between the cis and trans-anion was demonstrated to be possible by changing the environment. Theoretical calculations were performed to substantiate the existence of the cis-anion and dianion. In contrast to a literature report, it was shown that the 'OH' group deprotonates before the 'NH' group to form a monoanion not only in protic solvents but also in aprotic solvents.