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Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), PPA modified asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and PPA composite modified asphalt were tested. The microstructure and Micro-Mechanical Properties of the three modified asphalts before and after aging were analyzed with different evaluation indexes. The results show that PPA modified asphalt has good adhesion and deformation resistance, and the anti-deformation ability is more remarkable after aging, which is obviously superior to the other two kinds of modified asphalt in anti-aging performance; PPA modified asphalt and PPA modified asphalt have higher peak density, larger surface free energy and better adhesion performance, which is conducive to improving the interface adhesion between asphalt and mineral. For PPA composite modified asphalt, the addition of PPA improves the storage stability and aging resistance of SBS modified asphalt, which is superior to SBS modified asphalt in deformation resistance and cracking resistance, and has the effect of taking into account both high and low temperature performance. The micro-performance of asphalt based on AFM provides a basis for macro-performance analysis.