Among patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, prasugrel did not significantly reduce the frequency of the primary end point, as compared with clopidogrel, and similar risks of bleeding were observed. (Funded by Eli Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo; TRILOGY ACS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00699998.).

No abstract

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Robinson (1) studied the effect of age on the arterial blood gases and the acid-base balance of normal males from 5 to 91 years of age. In addition to the well known increase in oxygen combining capacity which occurs during childhood and adolescence, Robinson found moderately lower mean values for hemoglobin saturation in adults above 40 years of age, and slightly higher mean values for arterial CO2 content and CO2 tension in adults as compared with children. In the case of the alkaline reserve, mean values varied between 21.2 and 22.2 millimols per liter for all age groups except the youngest. Robinson found unusually low values of alkaline reserve in children 4 to 6 years of age. The present study was undertaken to supplement the work of Robinson in the years of childhood and adolescence, in order to establish more firmly the range of variation that may be expected in healthy children, and to provide a basis for the study of arterial blood gases and acid base balance in disease. MATERIALThe subjects of the study were drawn from three sources:1. Children of 10 years and younger were of both sexes. They had been carefully selected from patients at Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital as representing physiologically normal states at the time the blood samples were drawn. Breakfast was withheld and the child was kept in bed until after the sample was taken.2. Subjects between 11 and 17 years of age were normal healthy boys 8 who came to the laboratory to participate in various tests for physical fitness. The results of most of these tests have been described earlier (2-5).

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves were determined in normal children and adults as a preliminary to a study of such curves in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. A comparison of the curves of normal children with those of normal adults showed that the dissociation curves of children tend to lie to the right of those of the adult. In order to confirm this observation, the study was extended to include more cases and a wide range of ages. Thi-s report presents the results of the study.The report consists of a comparison between the positions of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves of the child and the adult in a group of 21 children two to ten years of age and 22 adults 21 to 45 years of age. In addition, it includes oxygen dissociation data for six newborn infants less than one day old, for a group of 15 older infants varying in age from 11 days to two years, and for a group of nine pre-adolescents, adolescents and post-adolescents from 11 to 20 years of age. The older infants were included in order to determine whether the slight shift of the curve to the right in childhood is greater in infancy. The older children were studied in the hope of determining the approximate age at which the leftward shift to the normal adult position occurs. on the dissociation curve, usually between 20 and 90 per cent saturation. The samples when drawn were mixed with heparin and kept in ice water. After equilibration they were stored in sampling tubes over mercury and were kept in ice water until the analyses for carbon dioxide and oxygen by the Van Slyke-Neill manometric method (2) were completed. Analyses were completed within eight hours after drawing the sample. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of the gas phase of the tonometers were determined by Haldane analysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS SubjectsThe pH,, of each equilibrated sample was calculated from the Table I gives for both children and adults the means and their standard errors, the standard deviations of distribution, and the "t" values which were calculated to test the significance of observed differences between the means of the PO2 values of children and those of adults at given percentage saturations. Figure 1 shows