Abstract-The system design and development of embedded software is under a lot of challenges. Model-based software systems are drawing more and more attentions. In our previous work we proposed a system level design language named SyncBlock and developed a toolset for the design of synchronous embedded system. Although our toolset is superior for building synchronous models, it is difficult to model the external environment of embedded system ideally, and does not support asynchronous modeling functionalities or the merging of heterogeneous models of computation. Ptolemy II is a well-known modeling platform which supports many well-defined heterogeneous models of computation. In this paper we propose a series of rules and mechanisms on model transformation from SyncBlock to the SR model of computation in Ptolemy II for heterogeneous model merging. Using our method, we can model and simulate synchronous embedded systems by SyncBlock, and then simulate the designed model further coupling with external environment modeled by other models of computation in Ptolemy II like Discrete Event Domain, and finally generate codes by the SyncBlock modeling tool. Through heterogeneous model merging by model transformation, we combine the advantages of the two modeling tools.

A novel Self-Tuning Adaptive Resolution (STAR) fuzzy control algorithm is introduced in this paper. One of the unique features is that the fuzzy linguistic concepts change constantly in response to the states of input signals. This is achieved by modifying the corresponding membership functions. We use this adaptive resolution capability to realize a control strategy that attempts to minimize both the rise time and the overshoot. Simulation results on a simple inverted pendulum problem are presented. Its characteristics are compared with the classical PD controller. Finally, the algorithm is also realized to control a red inverted pendulum hardware. Experimental results show that the STAR controller is both robust and can minimize positional error with drastically reduced overshoot. 0-7803-1896-X/94 $4.00 01994 IEEE 1508

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Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) techniques are widely used nowadays. SMT solvers are typically used as verification backends. When an SMT solver is invoked, it is quite important to ensure the correctness of its results. To address this problem, we propose a unified certificate framework based on DPLL(T), including a uniform certificate format, a unified certificate generation procedure, and a unified certificate checking procedure. The certificate format is shown to be simple, clean, and extensible to different background theories. The certificate generation procedure is well adapted to most DPLL(T)-based SMT solvers. The soundness and completeness for DPLL(T) + certificates were established. The certificate checking procedure is straightforward and efficient. Experimental results show that the overhead for certificates generation is only 10%, which outperforms other methods, and the certificate checking procedure is quite time saving.