Abstract:A new battery simulator based on a hybrid model is proposed in this paper for dynamic discharging behavior and runtime predictions in existing electronic simulation environments, e.g., PSIM, so it can help power circuit designers to develop and optimize their battery-powered electronic systems. The hybrid battery model combines a diffusion model and a switching overpotential model, which automatically switches overpotential resistance mode or overpotential voltage mode to accurately describe the voltage difference between battery electro-motive force (EMF) and terminal voltage. Therefore, this simulator can simply run in an electronic simulation software with less computational efforts and estimate battery performances by further considering nonlinear capacity effects. A linear extrapolation technique is adopted for extracting model parameters from constant current discharging tests, so the EMF hysteresis problem is avoided. For model validation, experiments and simulations in MATLAB and PSIM environments are conducted with six different profiles, including constant loads, an interrupted load, increasing and decreasing loads and a varying load. The results confirm the usefulness and accuracy of the proposed simulator. The behavior and runtime prediction errors can be as low as 3.1% and 1.2%, respectively.

The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) with high brightness and energy tunability is suitable for applications in spectroscopy. The tender X-ray absorption beamline will be optimized for X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements using a bending-magnet source in a unique photon energy range (1.7–10 keV) and two crystal pairs [InSb(111) and Si(111)] separated using back-to-back double-crystal monochromators (DCMs). InSb crystals are typically used in the lower photon energy range of 1.7–3.5 keV. However, the poor thermal conductivity of InSb crystals leads to severe deformation. This factor should be considered when the monochromator is installed on a tender X-ray beamline in a storage ring with a high power density. There are many approaches to reducing the thermal load on the first crystal of a DCM. Double-bounce high harmonics rejection mirrors in front of the DCM serve not only to reduce the high-order harmonics but also to absorb considerable quantities of heat. Two coating stripes on the silicon surfaces with a variable incident angle will be key to solving the thermal load on this beamline.

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