Ground deformation measurements in mining areas play a key role in revealing the surface subsidence law, retrieving the subsidence parameters, warning of geological disasters and restoring the surface ecology. With the development of science and technology, there have emerged a great number of monitoring techniques and buildings of diverse protection levels. The diversity of monitoring techniques and the multiplicity of monitoring objects have brought challenges for surface deformation monitoring in the coal industry. Based on the existing deformation monitoring techniques, this paper established a framework of "space-sky-ground" collaborative monitoring system in mining area. We also constructed an AHP-TOPSIS (Analytic Hierarchy Process method- Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) preference model of "space-sky-ground" collaborative monitoring of surface deformation in mining area, and carried out engineering application. Our study shows that the framework of the "space-sky-ground" collaborative monitoring system for surface subsidence in mining areas established in this paper, combined with the AHP-TOPSIS monitoring preference model, which can fully combine the advantages of each monitoring technique, overcome the limitations of a single monitoring technique, comprehensively obtain the surface subsidence data and work out the surface deformation subsidence pattern. This information provides a data and technical support for surface environment management.

Research on the rock and surface subsidence laws of super-high water material backfilling and mining technology can provide a scientific basis for liberating coal resources that are deposited under buildings, railways, and bodies of water. Using field measurements, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses to study the geological mining conditions of the Hengjian Mine in Handan, Hebei Province, this research comprehensively analyzes the dynamic and static deformation laws of rock and surface subsidence, reveals the subsidence control mechanism, complements existing studies and helps improve the feasibility of new technology in engineering practices. This study shows that rock and surface subsidence values are smaller when the super-high water material backfilling and mining technology are used, and the surface movement parameters are smaller than those of the fully caving mining method. The backfilling material supports the rock load above the mining area and suppresses the rock and surface subsidence. In addition, the super-high water backfilling material limits the height of the developing stress arch above the mining area, thus reducing the range of deformation in the rock and surface movement. In engineering practice, the development of the stress arch can be controlled by increasing the backfilling rate and the strength of the backfilling material. With the above-mentioned discoveries, this research is of great significance to the promotion and application of super-high water material backfilling and mining technology and the liberation of deposited coal resources.