No abstract

Activated carbon (ACs) was produced by chemical activation of industrial furfural production waste (FPW) by different chemical activators. The carbon (HP-AC500) produced from pyrolysis of H 3 PO 4 -FPW at 500 • C is microporous carbon with certain proportion of mesopores whose Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume could reach 751.8 m 2 /g and 0.63 mL/g, respectively. The carbon (ZN-AC600) produced from pyrolysis of ZnCl 2 -FPW at 600 • C is essentially microporous carbon whose BET surface area and pore volume could reach 1143 m 2 /g and 0.61 mL/g, respectively. ZN-AC600 carbon shows better performance in adsorbing phenol with its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity reaching 166 mg/g, while HP-AC500 carbon shows its better performance in adsorbing Cr (VI) with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity reaching 27 mg/g. The adsorption model based on Unilan together with Clausius-Clapeyron equation provides a satisfactory representation for low-pressure CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 adsorption on ZN-AC600 and HP-AC500, respectively. Both equilibrium and kinetic results show that the HP-AC500 carbon has better CO 2 separation performance. 

Activated carbons were produced from corn straw lignin using H 3 PO 4 as activating agent. The optimal activation temperature for producing the largest BET specific surface area and pore volume of carbon was 500°C. The maximum BET specific surface area and pore volume of the resulting carbon were 820 m 2 g -1 and 0.8 cm 3 g -1, respectively. The adsorption isotherm model based on the Toth equation together with the Peng-Robinson equation of state for the determination of gas phase fugacity provide a satisfactory representation of high pressure CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 adsorption. The kinetic adsorption results show that the breakthrough difference between CO 2 and CH 4 is not obvious, indicating that its kinetic separation performance is limited.

The self-made KOH together with NH4OH pulping of corn stover was investigated. The combined alkaline system could effectively remove lignin during pulping. There are three stages of lignin removal during delginification. Approximately 90% of lignin could be removed after temperature reached 150ºC for over 30 minutes. The p-hydroxyl phenol groups in lignin could be completely removed during the delignification reaction. The tendency of the increase of the crystalline degree of cellulose is observed with increase of reaction temperature. The kinetics of delignification is found to be the first order with respect to the remained lignin and the 0.4 order with respect to the remained hydroxide concentration. The activation energy of delignification is 23 kJ/mol. The solution obtained from precipitation of lignin is rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium elements and organic matters. Various techniques including FT-IR, GPC, DSC, were applied to characterize the acid precipitated lignin. The result shows that the lignin with the polydispersity of 1.4 still maintains the p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl units in its matrix