The photocatalytic degradation process has been recognized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly and sustainable technology for water and wastewater treatment. As a key carrier of the photocatalytic process, the TiO 2 semiconductor photocatalyst has been employed in many studies.Analysis and modelling of hydrodynamics in the three-phase flow system can provide useful information for process design, operation and optimization of the three-phase flow photocatalytic reactor, which requires research on the mixing and flow characteristics of the interphase regions in the reactor. In this study, we modelled the hydrodynamics in an internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor using an Eulerian multi-fluid approach. Localized information on phase holdup, fluid flow patterns and mixing characteristics was obtained. The simulation results revealed that the distribution of solid particle concentration depends on the flow field in the internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor. The distance between the draft tube and wall of the reactor and changes in the superficial gas velocity (U g ) were found to be influential factors in reactor performance.The developed computational model could support optimizing reactor design to improve the hydrodynamics and provide guidance for scale-up.

Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00460 is an onco-lncRNA in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). This study is aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of LINC00460 in PC. Methods The tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 73 PC patients. The expression of LINC00460, miR-503-5p, and ANLN was detected using qRT-PCR. We then analyzed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis/cell cycle of PC cells by performing the MTT/EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The xenograft tumor model were utilized to confirm the effect of LINC00460 knockdown on PC through anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo, and the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels. A co-culture model was utilized to explore the effects of exosomes on macrophages. Results LINC00460 was up-regulated in PC tissues and cells. LINC00460 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, facilitated cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest, and inhibited the tumor growth through anti-PD-1 therapy. Both miR-503-5p down-regulation and ANLN up-regulation reversed the effects of LINC00460 knockdown on inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion, and on promoting the apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest, and the sensitivity of PC cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Exosomes were uptaken by the ambient PC cells. PANC-1 cells-derived exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the cell migration and invasion. Conclusions LINC00460 silencing attenuates the development of PC by regulating the miR-503-5p/ANLN axis and exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells, thus LINC00460 may act as a possible therapeutic target for treating PC.

The ultraviolet photochemical degradation process is widely applied in wastewater treatment due to its low cost, high efficiency and sustainability. In this study, a novel rotating flow reactor was developed for UV-initiated photochemical reactions. The reactor was run in a continuous flow mode, and the tangential installation of the inlet and outlet on the annular reactor improved reaction rates. Numerical modelling, which combined solute transport, radiation transfer and photochemical kinetic degradation processes, was conducted to evaluate improvement compared to current reactor designs. Methylene Blue (MB) decomposition efficiency from the modelling results and the experimental data agreed well with each other. The model results showed that a rotational motion of fluid was well developed inside the designed reactor for a wide range of inflow rates; the generation of ·OH radicals significantly depended on UV irradiation dose, and thus the degradation ratio of MB showed a strong correlation with the UV irradiation distribution. In addition, the comprehensive numerical modelling showed promising potential for the simulation of UV/H2O2 processes in rotating flow reactors.