In order to avoid injuries caused by incorrect running posture to a greater extent and reduce the impact on athletes’ performance and physical health, on the basis of artificial intelligence sensors, the author studies the accurate detection of intelligent running motion posture. Using artificial intelligence sensors, an adaptive error quaternion unscented Kalman filter (DAUKF) algorithm is designed. The attitude analysis and recognition system based on the inertial measurement unit can not only measure the motion information of human body but also obtain the motion characteristic data and movement state of the human body through the analysis of posture data. Use the error quaternion and gyroscope drift error to establish the equation of state, the measurement values of the accelerometer and magnetometer are used to establish the observation equation, and the fading memory method is introduced to adaptively adjust the observation noise covariance, so as to reduce the interference of the system itself and the environment on attitude detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the attitude detection accuracy, effectively suppresses the influence of drift error and dynamic observation noise, and provides a foot attitude detection scheme suitable for long-distance running.