Fabrication strategies for programmed hydrogels that provide precise spatial control with predetermined responses to external stimuli are highly desirable. In this study, a partially reversible light‐driven assembly (PRLDA) method is introduced to construct multiresponsive hydrogels utilizing microgel (MG) particle building blocks (swollen diameter of 107 nm). No other material is required to prepare the gels beyond the MGs themselves. Facile preparation of multiresponsive hydrogels that are reversibly responsive to light, pH, and temperature using phototriggered covalent interlinking of coumarin‐based MGs is demonstrated. The gels have phototuneable moduli and swelling ratios and show light‐assisted healing and reshaping. Remarkably, the intrinsic fluorescence of the gels undergoes a reversible light‐triggered wavelength‐shift. The emission peak blueshifted from 420 to 390 nm upon irradiation with 365 nm light. The PRLDA gels can be constructed using either positive or negative photopatterning. It is shown that the gels can be exploited for multiresponsive cytocompatible actuators, grippers, and ON/OFF circuit components as well as anticounterfeit gels. The PRLDA method provides new insight into programmed gel property control and has excellent potential for biomaterial and optoelectronic applications.
Using two different wavelengths of UV light enables remarkably strong photo-switchable swelling of pH- and temperature-responsive microgels and photo-release of doxorubicin.
A new class of super-stretchable gel that does not involve covalent bonds being formed is introduced by mixing pre-formed pH-responsive microgel particles and branched polyethyleneimine followed by annealing at T ≥ 37 °C.
The
mesoporous (meso)-TiO2 layer is a key component of high-efficiency
perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, pore size controllable meso-TiO2 layers are prepared using spin coating of commercial TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) paste with added soft polymer templates
(SPT) followed by removal of the SPT at 500 °C. The SPTs consist
of swollen crosslinked polymer colloids (microgels, MGs) or a commercial
linear polymer (denoted as LIN). The MGs and LIN were comprised of
the same polymer, which was poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAm). Large (L-MG) and small (S-MG) MG SPTs were employed to study
the effect of the template size. The SPT approach enabled pore size
engineering in one deposition step. The SPT/TiO2 nanoparticle
films had pore sizes > 100 nm, whereas the average pore size was
37 nm for the control meso-TiO2 scaffold. The largest pore
sizes were obtained using L-MG. SPT engineering increased the perovskite
grain size in the same order as the SPT sizes: LIN < S-MG <
L-MG and these grain sizes were larger than those obtained using the
control. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the SPT/TiO2 devices were ∼20% higher than that for the control
meso-TiO2 device and the PCE of the champion S-MG device
was 18.8%. The PCE improvement is due to the increased grain size
and more effective light harvesting of the SPT devices. The increased
grain size was also responsible for the improved stability of the
SPT/TiO2 devices. The SPT method used here is simple, scalable,
and versatile and should also apply to other PSCs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.