Hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays grown on Ti foil are yielded by subjecting electrochemically anodized, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays to hydrothermal processing. The resulting DSSCs exhibit a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 7.24%, which is a direct consequence of the synergy of higher dye loading, superior light-scattering ability, and fast electron transport.

Highly ordered rutile TiO 2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) are promising architectures in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the efficiency of DSCs based on such photoanodes is still relatively low, largely due to the limited internal surface area. Herein, we report that highly oriented rutile TiO 2 NRAs with film thickness up to $30 mm was developed by a facile hydrothermal method. More importantly, an optimized porous rutile TiO 2 NRAs with a large internal surface area was fabricated on the FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrate via a secondary hydrothermal treatment and when applied as the photoanodes in DSCs, a record efficiency of 7.91% was achieved. Broader contextOne-dimensional (1-D) single-crystalline rutile TiO 2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) have attracted much attention in various applications due to its unique optoelectronic properties, such as sensors, photocatalysts, electrochromism, ultraviolet photodetectors, solar water splitting, self-cleaning coatings and solar cells. In general, a large surface area is of great signicance in most of its applications that require sufficient reaction sites on the surface of TiO 2 . In our present work, we provide a facile hydrothermal method for preparation of rutile TiO 2 NRAs with a high surface area. Our strategies focused on developing thicker rutile TiO 2 NRAs by proper treatment of the FTO substrates and adopting a hydrothermal etching route for further enhancing its surface area. The selective etching route introduced in our work may become a general method for developing other wide-band semiconductor nanorod/nanotube materials (e.g. ZnO, Nb 2 O 5 , SnO 2 and TiO 2 with other crystal phases) with a large surface area, which would be highly benecial for their applications in solar water splitting, photocatalysts or dyesensitized solar cells. Moreover, such a material provided in this report (i.e. 1-D single-crystalline rutile TiO 2 NRAs) may nd its promising applications in the related energy and environmental applications due to its well-dened porous array structure and large surface area.

One-dimensional (1-D) TiO(2) nanorod arrays (NRAs) with large inner surface area are desired in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). So far, good performance of DSSCs based on 1-D rutile TiO(2) NRAs remains a challenge mainly owing to their low dye-loading ability resulting from the insufficient specific surface area of 1-D TiO(2) nanostructures. In this paper, densely aligned TiO(2) NRAs with tunable thickness were grown directly on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by hydrothermal method, followed by a facile chemical etching route to further increase the specific surface area of the TiO(2) NRAs. The etching treatment leads to the split of TiO(2) nanorods into secondary nanorods with a reduced diameter, which markedly enlarges the inner surface area of the TiO(2) NRAs. The formation of 1-D rutile TiO(2) nanotube arrays (NTAs) is observed as well in the etched TiO(2) films. Finally, a DSSC efficiency of 5.94% was achieved by utilizing an etched TiO(2) NRA as the photoanode, which is so far the best DSSC efficiency that has been reported for the 1-D rutile TiO(2) NRA films.

In recent years, million geo-tagged photos are available in online web service like Flickr, panoramio, etc. People contributing geo-tagged photo and share their travel experiences these media. The photo itself has important information sharing reveals like location, time, tags, title, and weather. We recommend the new method locations travel for tourists according their time and their preference. We get travel user preference according his/her past time in one city and recommendation another city. We examine our technique collect dataset from Flickr publically available and taken different cities of china. Experiment results show that our travel recommendation method according to tourist time capable to predict tourist location recommendation famous places or new places more precise and give better recommendation compare to state of art landmarks recommendation method and personalized travel method.

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