Highlights d MscL-G22S expression efficiently sensitized cells to ultrasound stimulation d Non-invasive ultrasound triggered neural activation in MscLexpressing regions d Ultrasound targeted at the cortical M1 region with MscL evoked rapid EMG responses d Ultrasound successfully activated MscL-expressing neurons in the deeper DMS region

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have aroused extensive interest in the field of energy storage owing to the ultrahigh anode capacity. However, strong solvation of Li + and slow interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit their long-cycle and high-rate capabilities. Herein an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes is designed to effectively upgrade the long-cycle and high-rate performances of LMBs. THE owns large adsorption energy with ether-based solvents, thus reducing Li + interaction and solvation in ether electrolytes. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns ultrahigh polarity, enabling solvation-free Li + transfer with a substantially decreased energy barrier and ten times enhancement in Li + transference at the electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine-rich THE on the anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, the lithium metal battery with a LiFePO 4 cathode delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss per cycle over 5000 cycles at 10 C. Such enhancement is consistently observed for LMBs with other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO 2 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 , suggesting the generality of the electrolyte design for battery applications.

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We consider in this paper the possibility of using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code as the complete error control system in a magnetic recording channel. We compare the performance of selected LDPC codes with two Reed-Solomon (RS) code schemes on an extended partial-response class 4 (EPR4) channel, with particular emphasis on their performance in noise bursts (induced by media defects or thermal asperities). We quantify the performance of LDPC codes in noise bursts via a maximum-burst-length parameter, and we present a simple algorithm for computing this parameter. We find some very promising initial results: the LDPC codes are very robust against large noise bursts (128 bits long or more), and are superior to the RS schemes examined in the measurable error rate region. The extent to which they are superior depends on the particular LDPC scheme involved, and the results provide motivation for further investigation in this area.

The lithium sulfur battery is regarded as a potential next-generation high-energy battery system. However, polysulfides dissolve and shuttle through the electrolytes, causing rapid capacity decay, serious self-discharge, and poor high-temperature performances. Here, we demonstrate that by directly introducing glutamate into commercial electrolytes, these issues can be tackled simultaneously. With abundant negatively charged hydroxyl groups, the glutamate additive electrolyte effectively suppresses the shuttling of negatively charged polysulfide ions through strong repulsive interaction up to 1.54 eV. With glutamate additive electrolyte, the lithium sulfur battery has a capacity retention of 60% after 1000 cycles at 5.95 mA/cm2, a self-discharge rate on the order of one-third that of commercial electrolytes, and stable operation at 60 °C.