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This study was performed to assess how magnesium supplementation affects plasma lactate levels at rest and exhaustion in sportsmen and sedentary. Research was performed on 30 healthy subjects varying between 18-22 years of age for a four-week period. Subjects were separated into 3 groups: Group 1; sedentary taking magnesium supplementation only (10 mg/kg/day) (Mg + S), Group 2; subjects magnesium supplemented + training 90-120 min 5 days a week (Mg + Training), Group 3; training 90-120 min 5 days a week. Lactate levels of the groups were measured 4 times; at rest and exhaustion in the beginning of the research and after the end of the research. At the end of the research, exhaustion measurements both before and after supplement were found significantly higher than rest measurements in terms of lactate levels (p < 0.05). An important decrease was determined in the lactate levels of the 1st and 2nd groups when compared to their first measurements (p < 0.05). The results of this research indicate that lactate increases with exhaustion. However, magnesium supplement may positively affect performance of sportsmen by decreasing their lactate levels.

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Background The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ingesting protein supplementation before endurance exercise. Methods 10 recreationally active male runners (VO2max: 53.61±3.86 ml/kg•min) completed a run-to-exhaustion test three times. Each test involved 90 minutes of running at 70% VO2max, followed by a time to exhausted test for running at 80% VO2max. All subjects ingested three different, randomly assigned, supplement before the first phase. At the end of the first phase, CHO (carbohydrate) + CHO; PRO (protein) + CHO; CHO + PRO. Both carbohydrate and protein were supplemented at 0.4g•kg− 1BM− 1. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). Results Three different supplement regimens did not cause a significant difference in exhaustion time (CHO + CHO: 432.36 ± 225.51s; PRO + CHO: 463.82 ± 227.45s; CHO + PRO: 461.45 ± 248.5s). However, ALT and AST in PRO + CHO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24h after exercise (ALT: 16.8 ± 6.31 VS. 24.39 ± 2.54 U/L; AST: 24.06 ± 4.77 VS. 31.51 ± 7.53 U/L, p < 0.05), and MB in PRO + CHO and CHO + PRO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24 h after exercise (40.71 ± 15.16; 38.12 ± 14.32; 64.32 ± 28.86 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). Compared to CHO + CHO, CK in PRO + CHO increased less 24 h after exercise (404.22 ± 75.31 VS. 642.33 ± 68.57 U/L, p < 0.05). Conclusion Although combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation did not prolong exhaustion time, it can effectively relieve muscle damage, and it is better to supplement PRO before exercise.

METHODS: Forty 4-month old C57BL/6J female mice were fed a chow diet and injected with either VCD or oil (control). After 4 weeks of injections, mice were fed either 22.5% or 1% LA diets for an additional 4 weeks until sacrifice, accounting for estrous phase. Colon samples were collected and preserved in 3% paraformaldehyde 2% sucrose solution for immunohistochemistry. Tissue staining included (1) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to observe goblet cells and (2) the inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). RESULTS: VCD-injections did not cause significant weight gain in either 22.5% (35.8±2.6 vs 31.7±1.5, p=0.524; oil vs VCD) or 1% (36.7±2.1 vs 33.2±2.2, p=0.670; oil vs VCD) LA groups. Mice consuming a 22.5% LA diet had a significantly higher number of goblet cells compared to VCD-injected mice on the same diet (18.0±0.8 vs 13.0±0.5, p=0.001; oil vs VCD) or 1% LA group (8.4±0.3, p<0.001). COX-2 expression was highest in oil-injected 22.5% LA animals. CONCLUSION: VCD did not increase weight gain as normally seen with OVX. The 22.5% LA oil-injected animals had the highest inflammation and goblet cell counts. VCD injections did increased the number of goblet cells compared to control, independent of diet. While VCD animals did not have similar body weight changes as seen in OVX, we found that inflammation manifested a compensatory response in goblet cell count which may be an attempt to protect the gut lining from inflammation.