To protect the copyright of digital image, this paper proposed a combined Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based watermarking scheme. To embed the watermark, the cover image was decomposed by a 2-level DWT, and the HL2 sub-band coefficient was divided into 4x4 blocks, then the DCT was performed on each of these blocks. The watermark bit was embedded by predefined pattern_0 or pattern_1 on the middle band coefficients of DCT. After watermark insertion, inverse DCT was applied to each of the 4x4 blocks of HL2 sub-band coefficient, and inverse DWT was applied to obtain the watermarked image. For watermark extraction, the watermarked image, which may be attacked by various image attacks, was decomposed with 2-level DWT and DCT similarly as watermark embedding process, then correlation between middle band coefficients of block DCT and the predefined pattern (pattern_0 and pattern_1) was calculated to decide whether a bit 0 or a bit 1 was embedded. Genetic algorithm was used for embedding and extraction parameters optimization. Optimization is to maximize PSNR of the watermarked image and NCC of the extracted watermark. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme in this paper is robust against many image attacks, and improvement can be observed when compared to other existing schemes

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Few of current video watermarking algorithms can prevent HD videos from unauthorized copying after the production is distributed. This paper proposes a recoverable video watermarking algorithm in DCT domain to achieve this goal. Watermark is first split and modulated by CDMA. Then, after applying boundary detection, frames in one shot are divided into blocks. Finally, watermark is embedded into DCT coefficients of these blocks. The embedded watermark could resist to conventional video processing such as loss compression, resolution change, and format change, etc. The security of embedded watermark is based on the key used in CDMA modulation. With correct user keys, authorized user can completely remove the watermark and restored the high quality video. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust and practical.

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