This review briefly describes a state of research on the effect of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a durability of various polymer composite materials under extreme conditions. Fullerenes C60, C70, fullerene soot and CNTs integrated into the polymer matrix effectively prevent both thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation, as well as photo-oxidation processes. The stabilization mechanism of the carbon nanocompounds (CNC) is likewise and consists of the substantial end-capping termination of oxidation destructive chains on the nanocarbon skeleton. At that, the data array unequivocally indicates the predominant addition of carbon-centered alkyl radicals. Various polymer composite materials based on polyolefins, polyacrylates, polyamides, polycarbonates, elastomers are involved into the consideration. The approaches described are mostly aimed to increase the level of stabilizing activity of the polymer composites using different combinations of nanocarbon additives. The optimal dosage of CNC and interfacial compatibility between the polymer and fillers can significantly increase the heat resistance of the composites. The replacement of carbon atoms in the fullerene molecule with heteroatoms can also change its electronic properties and improve the antiradical and antioxidant activity. Areas for the effective use of fullerene C60 in aqueous media can be significantly expanded by modification with hydrophilic polymers. Thus, the performance of CNC integrated in the polymer composites is similar with those for strong synthetic stabilizers. CNC have good prospects for real industrial applications.

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Researches of polymer immobilized nanoparticles of ruthenium have been carried out by frontal polymerization (FP) of ruthenium acrylonitrile (AN) complex in the presence of inorganic carrier. Assessment of their catalytic properties in the hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated compounds has been done. Effective and selective organo-inorganic catalyst has been synthesized on the basis of akrylonitril complex and its reactivity in the hydrogenation reaction of cyclohexen has been investigated. Synthesis of akrylonitril complex of ruthenium on the surface of mineral carrier SiO2 silica, its further polymerization and reduction leads to the formation of polymer-inorganic composite including nano-size particle of Ru stabilized by polymer matrix and inorganic carrier. The offered method is a new approach in the catalyst preparing. Synthesized samples of Ru- nano composetes have been studied by methods of element analysis, IR-spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. There are wide diffraction peaks at 300-800 °C range in the X-rays patterns of the obtained samples wich correspond to crystallic ruthenium. Broadening diffraction maximums testifies ultradisperse state of particles. Microporous structure with pore sizes to 20 nm and their uniform size distribution are typical for obtained nano composites. It has been determined that specific surface of carriers decreases after polymerization of RuAN on the surface, though it is bigger than S spec. of the polymerization product in SiO2 absence. Obtained hybride nano composites have developed surface and porous structure which provide accessibility of active centers of catalyst for reagents and their high activity in the researched catalytic reaction. Formation conditions of Ru nanoparticles influence on catalytic properties of the studied composites, for example, the use of various regimes of frontal polymerization in inert medium. With the increase of the reduction treatment temperature of nano-composites the hydrogenation rate of cyclohexene reduces, the reason of which is the integration of Ru particles in the obtaining of nano composites at high temperatures. It should be mentioned that after hydrogenation the main ruthenium mass in poly-RuAN (90%) will have zero valency. The polymer matrix reduces. It is also subjected to changes and it confirms by spectrum broadening. Thus, the synthesized hybridization of polymer-immobilized Ru-nanoparticles display high activity in the reaction of cyclohexene hydrogenation and keep their activity during repeated cycles of reactions. Catalytic properties of nano-composites depend on the conditions of their obtaining which influence apparently on the size of forming Ruthenium nanoparticles.Forcitation:Agaguseynova M.M., Mikailova M.R. Formation of Ru nano-composites. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 45-50

The available and simple metal complex systems of catalytic oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons were developed. It is shown that these systems catalyze the selective liquid-phase oxidation of butene-1 to methyl ethyl ketone by molecular oxygen at low temperature. The best results were revealed using Cu(I)Cl monovalent chloride. The catalyst for the production of methylethylketone is a binary system containing complexes of copper and palladium chloride at a molar ratio of 2:1. Hexamethylphosphoramide is used as the ligand and palladium chloride complex as an additional complex contains benzonitrile. A combined catalyst has been offered. It allows to carry out the oxidation reaction of butene to methyl ethyl ketone under mild conditions (low temperature, atmospheric pressure) with high selectivity and yield of the desired product. The proposed binary system is able to coordinate molecular oxygen and butene-1, and thus it becomes possible to conduct the oxidation reaction not directly between butene-1 and O2, and using a specific complex catalyst system allowing them to react with each other in an activated coordinated state. Absorption properties of catalysts synthesized on the bases of transition metals have been studied and activation of molecular oxygen and butane-1 has been determined. As a result of interaction of coordinated oxygen and butane-1 it is possible to carry out oxidation reaction to methylethylketone in mild condition. The specific feature of the offered binary catalyst is irreversible absorption of molecular oxygen. Mild conditions of the reaction proceeding decreases considerably amount of by-products and simplify obtaining and separation of the main product-methylethylketone. Due to the fact that the absorption of O2 is irreversible and it is possible to easily remove the excess amount of O2 after the formation of the oxygen complex. The developed method has the advantage from the point of view of safety.Forcitation:Agaguseynova M.M., Amanullayeva G.I., Bayramova Z.E. Catalysts of oxidation reaction of butene-1 to methylethylketone. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 53-57

Communication of affinity degree to an electron and anti-oxidizing activity of a number of the aromatic polycondensed compounds, bakminsterfullerene (C60) and multiwall carbon nanotubes is studied. The research was conducted on the model of the initiated cumene oxidation reaction. It has been determined that anti-oxidizing activity of the specified substances of the aromatic polycondensed compounds grows with increase in degree of their affinity to an electron, reaching the maximum value for fullerene C60 and multiwall carbon nanotubes.Electronic states of 3d-metals entered into the volume of carbon nanotubes (NT) have been studied. The analysis of an electronic structure, charging distributions and parameters of interatoms interactions in the specified nanostructures depending on structure of NT or the location of metal atom have been carried out. Possible changes of some physicochemical properties of nanotubes containing 3dmetals have been discussed.