Background With growing interest in parenting stress among mothers of children with disabilities, the current study examined the multidimensional aspects of parenting stress and their impact on life satisfaction among Korean mothers of children with disabilities. Based on the suggestions of prior findings concerning the potential role of intrapersonal resources on moderating parenting stress, the study focused on intrinsic religious orientation as one of the intrapersonal resources. Method Participants completed measures of three types of parenting stress (parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child), life satisfaction and religious orientation. Results Two subscales of parenting stress (i.e., parental distress and difficult child) had negative associations with life satisfaction. Intrinsic religious orientation weakened the relationship between parental distress and life satisfaction, especially among individuals who held moderate and high levels of intrinsic religious orientation. Conclusion These findings indicate the existence of differential associations between parenting stress type and life satisfaction in Korean mothers of children with disabilities. The current findings also identified the interrelationships between the religious resources and maternal parenting stress of children with disabilities. Intrapersonal religious resources have the potential to counterbalance the negative impact of maternal distress.

The purposes of this study were to verify and compare the performances of anaerobic threshold (AT) point estimates among different filtering intervals (9, 15, 20, 25, 30 s) and to investigate the interrelationships of AT point estimates obtained by ventilatory threshold (VT) and muscle fatigue thresholds using electromyographic (EMG) activity during incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. 69 untrained male university students, yet pursuing regular exercise voluntarily participated in this study. The incremental exercise protocol was applied with a consistent stepwise increase in power output of 20 watts per minute until exhaustion. AT point was also estimated in the same manner using V-slope program with gas exchange parameters. In general, the estimated values of AT point-time computed by EMG method were more consistent across 5 filtering intervals and demonstrated higher correlations among themselves when compared with those values obtained by VT method. The results found in the present study suggest that the EMG signals could be used as an alternative or a new option in estimating AT point. Also the proposed computing procedure implemented in Matlab for the analysis of EMG signals appeared to be valid and reliable as it produced nearly identical values and high correlations with VT estimates.

This study aimed to understand the heterogeneity of school violence experiences among South Korean youth, explicitly examining how each type of violence experienced transitions into different reporting behaviors. A latent profile analysis was conducted to classify different types of violence victimization and reporting behaviors, followed by a latent transition analysis, which contributed to an understanding of the relationships between profiles of violence and reporting. The influence of social support on reporting victimization was further examined. The results are as follows. First, school violence victimization experience was divided into five profiles: cyber violence-oriented (7.0%), ostracization-oriented (8.9%), verbal violence-oriented (41.8%), high-level of multiple-violence (2.8%), and medium-level of multiple-violence (39.5%). Second, reporting behavior was divided into four profiles: reporting to family and teachers (14.7%), reporting to family, teachers, and friends (11.0%), actively reporting (1.5%), and passively coping (72.8%). Third, students showed the highest probability of passively reporting, while the probability of actively reporting was low for all victimization profiles. Fourth, support from family and friends positively correlated with reporting violence, while support from teachers did not. The findings confirm that reporting violence may vary depending on the type of school violence victimization, implying that different types of violence need to be mitigated in distinct ways. Additionally, the study’s result regarding the influence of social support suggests that school counselors and practitioners need to develop ways to facilitate violence reporting in schools.

This study investigated the relationship between domestic violence and dating violence victimization, and the mediating influence of the justification of dating violence among female Korean university students. The present study uses a cross-sectional survey ( N = 550) to examine three research questions. First, does exposure to domestic violence during childhood predict dating violence victimization later in life? Second, does justifying violence mediate the relationship between domestic violence experience and dating violence victimization? Third, does justifying violence show a difference depending on the sexes of the perpetrator in influencing victimization of violence? A series of structural equation modeling analyses were conducted. The results showed that witnessing interparental violence and experiencing child abuse directly influenced dating violence victimization. Second, the justification of violence mediated the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and dating violence victimization. Third, justifying male to female violence influenced dating violence victimization. The study’s findings emphasize the importance of the gender-specific justification of violence among young female adults. This study makes essential empirical and theoretical contributions. A more in-depth understanding of the justification of violence between their prior and present experiences of violence in different contexts would support victims to recover and prevent poly-victimization experiences. Significant implications for school counselors as well as practitioners are discussed.

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