An ICC cooperative test on Amylograph viscosity of milled-rice flour involving 11 laboratories and 4 contrasting rice samples was undertaken to determine the reproducibility of the method. The highest contribution to total variance was from sample followed by laboratory and then sample x laboratory. Only 2 of 9 laboratories showed similar peak viscosities on the samples, only 3 of 8 laboratories had similar cooked paste final viscosities, but none of 7 laboratories had similar cooled paste final viscosities using preground flour and a c o m m o n method. Use of individual mills to prepare flour for the c o m m o n method and use of 1 a b o r a t o r y method with preground flours increased variance due to laboratory and reduced the contribution of sample. Final gelatinization temperature of starch may be readily estimated from the apparent temperature of 20 BU intercept of the Amylograph curve of 20% preground paste from the results of 5 laboratories with 700g . cm cartridge.
Gemeinschaftsuntersuchung der amylographischen Messung vonReismehl hinsichtlich der Pastenviskositat und der Starke-Verkleisterungstemperatur. Ein 1 I Laboratorien umfassendes gemeinschaftliches Projekt der ICC (International Association of Cereal Chemists) befafite sich mit der Priifung des amylographischen Verhaltens von 10% vorvermahlenem Mehl von 4 bezuglich der Verkleisterungseigenschaften stark differierenden Reissorten unter Verwendung einer dem Zweck angepal3ten allgemeinen Methode von Halick und Kelly [2]. Der Test zeigte signifikante Abweichung aufgrund von Probe, Laboratorien sowie Wechselwirkung zwischen Probe und Laboratorium, Uberlaufen der Probe sowie Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit von Erhitzung und Abkiihlung, in der Verkleisterungszeit und in der scheinbaren Temperatur bei der Spitzenviskositat zwischen den einzelnen Apparaten spiegelte Unterschiede in der Temperaturkontrolle wieder. Die Spitzenviskositat wurde im Gegensatz zu der Viskositat der gekochten und abgekuhlten Paste durch andere Faktoren als die Probe selbst beeinflufit. Die Laboratoriumsmuhle und die Laboratoriumsmethode trugen ebenfalls zu den Abweichungen der Amylograph-Viskositiiten bei. Beziiglich der Verkleisterungstemperatur 20%iger Pasten, d . h. der Temperatur, die dem Schnittpunkt der Viskositatskurve mit der 20 BU-Linie (BU = Brabender Units) bei Verwendung der 700 g.cm-MeBdose entspricht, korrespondierte mit der durch Photometrie und Doppelbrechungs-Endpunkt-Temperatur (BEPT) gemessenen Verkleisterungstemperatur. 42 starch/st%rke 37 (1985) Nr. 2, s. 40-50
In many Asian countries, agricultural industrialization led by agro-industries has been progressing, and agricultural production has been shifting from staple foods to high value commodities such as vegetables, fruits and livestock products. This trend is considered to have contributed to improving agricultural profitability as well as to expanding rural employment. The purpose of the paper is to test the hypothesis that the foreign direct investment (FDI) promotes high value agriculture through development of the food processing industry. We estimated factors that determine labor productivity in the food processing industry and agricultural sector, and obtained cross country statistical results that provide supports to the hypothesis. The typical case of this FDI-food industry-farm linkage is seen in contract farming, in which firms provide technical assistances and guaranteed markets to farmers. The results of a farm household survey implemented in China by the authors provide the farm level evidence to the linkage, in which foreign affiliated enterprises play important roles in technology transfer in compliance with food safety standards.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.