A phenyl lipid alkaloid and seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the aerial part of , a halophyte that grows on salt marshes and tidal flat. These compounds were identified as 2,4-di--butylphenol, -hexacosanoylanthranilic acid, tryptophan, 4-hydroxybenzyol glucopyranoside, luteolin 6--β-D-glucopyranoside 8--β-D-(2--feruloyl)glucopyranoside, luteolin 6--β-D-(2--feruloyl)glucopyranoside 8--β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 6--β-D-glucopyranoside 8--β-D-(2--feruloyl)glucopyranoside, and apigenin 6--β-D-(2--feruloyl)glucopyranoside 8--β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy.

The large amount of CO2 emitted from mushrooms during incubation and developmental stages can be utilized in plant production systems as a CO2 source. The objectives of this study were to measure the CO2 emission and absorption rates of mushroom and lettuce, respectively, and to analyze the CO2 concentrations at various ratios of mushroom and lettuce in a closed production system. The CO2 emission rate of king oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél) and CO2 absorption rate of lettuces (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Asia Heuk Romaine) were measured by using two closed acryl chambers (1.0 m × 0.8 m × 0.5 m) in which indoor temperatures were maintained at 18°C and 22°C, respectively. The lettuce was grown at a light intensity of PPF 340 mol･m . The air was periodically circulated between the two chambers using a diaphragm pump. The CO2 emission rate of the mushroom increased until the 15 th day after scratching (DAS) and then decreased. The rate also increased with increased indoor temperature. In particular, the CO2 emission rate per fresh weight of fruit body increased by about 3.1 times after thinning compared to before thinning. In terms of CO2 balance, the CO2 emission rates from a bottle (950 mL) of the mushroom at 9, 12, and 14 DAS were equivalent to those of 3, 4.5, and 5.5 lettuce plants at 7, 10, and 12 DAT (days after transplanting), respectively. This work shows that balance in CO2 concentration could be achieved using an appropriate ratio of the two crops in a closed production system.

Xanthoceras sorbifolium is considered as bio-energy crops owing to the high oil content from kernel. This study was performed to analyze calorific value, crude ash content, ultimate ratio, crude lipid and fatty acid composition among seed sources. Calorific values ranged from 4,526.0 cal g -1 to 7,377.2 cal g -1 in seeds and kernels showed the highest value. Calorific values and crude ash contents were observed as significant difference among plantations and/or individuals (p＞0.05). Kernel from SD-F plantation showed the highest calorific value and lower crude ash content. C content comprised 63.4%, the highest levels was detected from SD-F (64.8%). Crude lipid content in kernel observed as 54.5 g 100 g -1 from SD-F. In contrast it was determined the lowest value from LN-JARS as 46.5 g 100 g -1.The fatty acid composition of kernel was determined to those of oleic acid (31.3%) and linoleic acid (38.1%) from SD-F and LN-JARS. These results will be offered to useful information for breeding materials selection.