Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a member of the family Centrarchidae, is a freshwater fish species originating from North America, introduced into Guangdong Province, China, in 1983(Guo et al., 2020. Nowadays, owing to its breeding advantages such as high adaptability, rapid growth and delicious flesh, largemouth bass becomes one of the most popular and important aquaculture species with extensive cultivation and breeding (Huang et al., 2021), and its annual production has already reached 477,808 tons (Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs Fisheries Administration Bureau, 2020). Unfortunately, a new viral disease impacted the largemouth bass aquaculture industry in Guangdong Province, China, in 2011, resulting in 200,000 fish deaths and substantial economic losses (Ma et al., 2013). Subsequently, rhabdovirus was confirmed as the pathogen and several rhabdovirus isolates were reported (

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication in patients with diabetes, and ultimately leads to heart failure. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by abnormal glycolipid metabolism is a critical factor that affects the occurrence and development of DCM. Additionally, the upregulation/activation of silent information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) has been shown to protect against DCM. Tanshinone II A (Tan IIA), the main active component of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome (a valuable Chinese medicine), has protective effects against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, its role and mechanisms in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction remain unclear. Therefore, we explored whether Tan IIA alleviates ERS-mediated DCM via SIRT1 and elucidated the underlying mechanism. The results suggested that Tan IIA alleviated the pathological changes in the hearts of diabetic mice, ameliorated the cytopathological morphology of cardiomyocytes, reduced the cell death rate, and inhibited the expression of ERS-related proteins and mRNA. The SIRT1 agonist inhibited the activities of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Furthermore, the opposite results under the SIRT1 inhibitor. SIRT1 knockdown was induced by siRNA-SIRT1 transfection, and the degree of GRP78 acetylation was increased. Cumulatively, Tan IIA ameliorated DCM by inhibiting ERS and upregulating SIRT1 expression.

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