Researchers have shown renewed interest in the study of manual lateralization in chimpanzees. Currently there is no consensus confirming the presence or absence of manual dominance at a species level, mainly for populations in the wild and in semicaptivity. We aimed to evaluate the manual laterality in a group of chimpanzees in an intermediate setting (semicaptivity) via 2 tasks: one simple and unimanual (simple reaching) and the other complex and bimanual (tube task). We replicated the same experiments from Hopkins in a new and different sample of chimpanzees. In simple reaching, the hand is used to gather food and the type of grip and the posture are evaluated. The tube task assesses the hand used to extract food from the tube and the method of extraction (digital or instrumental). Through the handedness index we observed that the subjects show clear and strong individual preferences for both tasks (100% lateralized subjects in the tube task; 86% in simple reaching), although we did not detect population preferences for any of the tasks. However, considering both tasks jointly (multiple evaluation), it was possible to detect, for the first time, skilled manual dominance at a group level in semicaptive Int chimpanzees in one multitask index and borderline significance in a second multitask index.
primates no humanos resulta esencial para comprender nuestra hominización cerebral y cognitiva, así como la filogenia del lenguaje humano. En relación a nuestros parientes más cercanos, hoy día no existe un consenso en determinar si los chimpancés muestran asimetrías funcionales homólogas a las del ser humano. Uno de los comportamientos que más controversia ha generado en las últimas décadas es el de la dominancia manual. A través de esta consideración se hace una amplia revisión sobre los principales modelos teóricos continuistas, rupturistas y de integración, además de exponer las implicaciones evolutivas y cognitivas que la lateralización ha tenido en el cerebro humano. El estudio comparado del comportamiento animal desde una perspectiva etológico-psicológica resulta fundamental para poder entender el proceso de hominización conductual y cerebral, aportando un punto de vista causal, funcional, ontogenético y evolutivo sobre el cerebro.
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