Background:Tibial platfond fractures are usually associated with massive swelling of the foot and ankle, as well as with open wounds. This swelling may cause significant decrease of the blood flow, so the state of the soft tissue is determinant for the surgical indication and the type of implant. This retrospective study compares the union times in cases of tibial plafond fractures managed with a hybrid external fixation as a definitive procedure versus those managed with a two stage strategy with final plate fixation.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study in a polytrauma referral hospital was performed between 2005 and 2011. Patients with a tibial plafond fracture, managed with a hybrid external fixation as a definitive procedure or managed with a two stage strategy with the final plate fixation were included in the study. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated by two senior surgeons. Fracture healing was defined as callus bridging of one cortex, seen on both lateral and anteroposterior X-ray. The clinical outcome was evaluated by means of 11 points Numerical Rating Scale for pain and The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score, assessed at the last followup visit. Thirteen patients had been managed with a hybrid external fixation and 18 with a two-stage strategy with the final plate fixation. There were 14 males and 17 females with a mean age of 48 years (range 19–82 years). The mean followup was 24 months (range 24–70 months).Results:The mean time from surgery to weight bearing was 7 ± 6.36 days for the hybrid fixation group and 57.43 ± 15.46 days for the plate fixation group (P < 0.0001); and the mean time from fracture to radiological union was 133.82 ± 37.83) and 152.8 ± 72.33 days respectively (P = 0.560).Conclusion:Besides the differences between groups regarding the baseline characteristics of patients, the results of this study suggest that in cases of tibial plafond fractures, the management with a hybrid external fixation as a definitive procedure might involve a faster union than a two-stage management with final plate fixation.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Sensitization to cat and dog allergens is common in patients with allergic respiratory diseases. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to specific cat and dog allergens using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) in patients with allergic respiratory diseases plus cat and/or dog sensitization. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 87 patients aged 8–62 years, diagnosed with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis plus cat and/or dog sensitization, and attended at the allergy section of a tertiary hospital in Badalona (Catalonia, Spain). We used CRD to determine IgE sensitization to specific cat/dog allergens and skin prick tests (SPTs) to determine differences between diagnostic test results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients were monosensitized to cats (20.7%) or dogs (3.4%) or sensitized to both (75.9%). The highest positive allergen rates were for Fel d 1 (91.7%) and Fel d 4 (41%) in patients sensitized to cat allergens and for Can f 5 (80%) and Can f 1 (70%) in those sensitized to dog allergens. CRD and SPT results differed somewhat: 16.1% and 27.6% of patients CRD positive for cat or dog sensitization, respectively, were SPT negative, and 6.9% SPT positive for dog sensitization were CRD negative. Few statistically significant relationships were found between any allergen components and any respiratory disease characteristic or contact with furry animals. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CRD may be used to determine the prevalence of IgE sensitization to specific cat and dog allergens in patients with allergic respiratory diseases plus cat and/or dog sensitization. As SPT may not correctly identify all patients sensitized to cats and dogs, our results support the use of CRD.

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UJI) con dos alumnos del grado en Educación Primaria. El marco del trabajo es definido por la asignatura "Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales -Historia General de Europa", materia obligatoria de tercer curso.El objeto de estudio ha sido el diseño y posterior implementación de una secuencia didáctica para tratar la problemática de la inmigración en las aulas. La propuesta se basa en la propia experiencia del alumnado i aprovecha la reflexión crítica sobre el uso de este término que hace la satírica serie norteamericana The Simpsons (7x23 [capítulo 23, temporada 7]). El principal objetivo de la secuencia es romper los prejuicios que existen alrededor del concepto de inmigrante i poder construir una nueva visión más concreta i objetiva a partir del análisis crítico del capítulo y de una serie de actividades que se derivan. Las actividades se han llevado a cabo con alumnado de Tercer Ciclo de Educación Primaria, pero se considera que también podrían ser de interés para alumnos de Primer Ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO).El carácter innovador de este trabajo consiste en evidenciar las diferencias entre el proceso de conceptualización de la secuencia didáctica i el de su implementación. Se pretende, por tanto, contrastar ambas vertientes, teórica y práctica, y mostrar a la comunidad académica los resultados y las conclusiones de este doble proceso formativo, como docentes y discentes del alumnado del Grado en Educación Primaria.

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