The data in our canine model of intraneural injection suggest that intraneural injections do not always lead to nerve injury. High injection pressures during intraneural injection may be indicative of intrafascicular injection and may predict the development of neurologic injury.

Pregnancy represents a risk factor in the occurrence of vaginal candidosis. The objectives of our study were: to make determination of the microscopic findings of vaginal swab, frequency of Candida species in the culture of pregnant women and patients who are not pregnant, determine the Candida species in all cultures, and to determine the frequency and differences in the frequency of C. albicans and other non-albicans species. In one year study performed during 2006 year, we tested patients of Gynaecology and Obstetrics clinic of the Clinical Centre in Sarajevo and Gynaecology department of the General hospital in Sarajevo. 447 woman included in the study were separated in two groups: 203 pregnant (in the last trimester of pregnancy), and 244 non-pregnant woman in period of fertility. Each vaginal swab was examined microscopically. The yeast, number of colonies, and the species of Candida were determined on Sabouraud dextrose agar with presence of antibiotics. For determination of Candida species, we used germ tube test for detection of C. albicans, and cultivation on the selective medium and assimilation tests for detection of non-albicans species. The results indicated positive microscopic findings in the test group (40,9%), as well as greater number of positive cultures (46,8%). The most commonly detected species for both groups was C. albicans ( test group 40.9% and control group 23,0%). The most commonly detected non-albicans species for the test group were C. glabrata (4,2 %) and C. krusei (3,2%), and for the control group were C. glabrata (3,2%) and C. parapsilosis (3,2%). The microscopic findings correlated with the number of colonies in positive cultures. In the test group, we found an increased number of yeasts (64,3%), and the pseudopyphae and blastopores by microscopic examination as an indication of infection. In the control group, we found a small number of yeasts (64,6%) , in the form of blastopores, as an indication of the candida colonisation. Our results indicate that gravidity, as the risc factor for incidence of infection, has the significant role in the incidence of vaginal candidosis.

The Goal:The goal of this study was to determine the effect of psychoactive substances (drugs) on the presence and frequency of oral Candida species and Candida dubliniensis.Materials and methods:For the purpose of achieving the set goals, we chose a sample. Sixty bed-ridden patients from the Institute for Alcoholism and Other Addictions in Sarajevo Canton, both males and females between 18 and 60 years of age, were included in the research and assigned to two different groups (alcohol addicts and opiate addicts). After extensive anamnesis and a clinical examination, samples of oral epithelia were taken for microbiological identification. Two confirmatory methods were used for the identification of Candida species: the blastesis test and cultivation in a chromatophilic medium (Chrom agar). A yeast assimilation test (API test) was used for the identification of non-albicans Candida. A separate test was used to identify Candida dubliniensis (PAL agar).Results:The results of the microbiological analysis confirmed the frequency of Candida albicans (43%) in psychoactive substance addicts, as well as an increase in non-albicans Candida regardless of the type of addiction (34%). The presence of Candida dubliniensis was proven in psychoactive substance addicts (23%) and it was confirmed that the frequency of bacterial adherence of Candida dubliniensis is directly proportional to the duration of the drug-addiction.Conclusion:The abuse of psychoactive substances has an effect on the frequency of albicans and non-albicans species of oral Candida. Based on the findings, we have concluded that psychoactive substances (opiates and alcohol) lead to an increase in oral Candida dubliniensis regardless of the type of addictions.

Probiotici se definišu kao živi mikroorganizmi koji, kada se unesu, pokazuju blagotvoranefekat na domaćina. Mnogi sojevi iz roda Lactobacillus imaju status probiotika.Nedostatak gena za prenošenje rezistencije na antibiotike jedan je odključnih uslova kako bi soj dobio GRAS status. Svaki probiotski soj bi trebalo dapreživi pasažu kroz gastrointestinalni trakt, kako bi uspeo da ostvari blagotovorneefekte po domaćina.Materijal za ovo ispitivanje predstavljao je 51 soj laktobacila koji su izolovani izsjeničkog sira.Svi sojevi su ispitivani na rezistenciju na devet antibiotika. Od ukupno 51 soja,šest je pokazalo osetljivost na sve antibiotike, dok je 23 pokazalo prirodnu rezistenciju,koja, kao takva, nije rizična za prenošenje gena. Najčešći profil rezistencijebila je rezistencija na vankomicin i tetraciklin. Od 18 sojeva koji su stekli uslove zadalje ispitivanje, kod devet njih je ispitivana mogućnost preživaljavanja u simuliranimuslovima želuca, odnosno duodenuma. Takođe je ispitivana i antimikrobna aktivnosti sposobnost hemolize. Svih devet sojeva je pokazalo odličnu sposobnostpreživljavanja u simuliranim uslovima želuca, dok je svega tri moglo da preživi uprisustvu žučnih soli. Svih devet sojeva je pokazalo antimikrobnu aktivnost protivListeria monocytogenes i Staphylococcus aureus, a nijedan nije pokazao hemolizu.Prema rezultatima u ovom ispitivanju, sojevi laktobacila izolovani iz sjeničkogsira pokazali su da imaju potencijal da steknu status probiotika, ali su za to potrebnadalja ispitivanja.