Resumo Dada a importância dos caracteres anatômicos para delimitação de subgrupos de Rubiaceae, a dificuldade na identificação de determinados táxons, bem como aa escassez de trabalhos sobre o grupo no semiárido, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a anatomia das folhas de 15 espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Borreria (2), Cordiera (1), Eumachia (1), Hexasepalum (4), Mitracarpus (4), Richardia (1), Staelia (1) e Tocoyena (1) coletados na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina (Jeremoabo-BA, Brasil), e destacar os elementos úteis para subsidiar a taxonomia do grupo. Os resultados mostraram que houve variação quanto ao formato e contorno das células epidérmicas, presença, ausência e tipos de tricomas, tipo de mesofilo, posição e tipo de estômato, formato das células subsidiárias, organização do sistema vascular, ocorrência de células coletoras e estômatos geminados. Foi observado que as características anatômicas, quando utilizadas em conjunto, servem como uma boa ferramenta taxonômica na separação de gêneros e espécies de Rubiaceae.
The study and characterization of leaf venation plays a key role in the recognition of taxonomic groups that have been identified mainly based on reproductive traits. This study aimed at characterizing the pattern of leaf venation of Rubiaceae, recognizing individual characters among the taxa of this group and testing the use of leaf architecture as a taxonomic tool capable of providing vegetative and diagnostically characteristics between species. Leaves of 14 species distributed in eight genera from Rubiaceae were diaphanized and classified. The study area is located in Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, Bahia State, Brazil. The characterization of secondary veins, including type, spacing and number of pairs, third veining patterns, fourth and fifth order, and the conformation of the areola were useful to delimit taxa when used together, providing subsidies to more comprehensive studies.
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