RESUMO.Com o aumento do número de criatórios e consequentemente, o incremento da procura e uso da água, os piscicultores podem ou até já estão se tornando alvos preferidos dos órgãos de controle ambiental, comprovadamente pela imposição de regras, leis e exigências, tanto no aspecto do uso do terreno, uso/reuso e despejo das águas, escolha, introdução e translocação de espécies exóticas ou nativas, quanto no aspecto sanitário do produto obtido. O desenvolvimento da atividade aquícola, juntamente com a tomada de consciência relativamente recente dos problemas ambientais, justifica plenamente a atenção que se deve oferecer ao item "qualidade da água", em especial àquela advinda de ação das criações intensivas e semiintensivas. Para a água utilizada na aquicultura, sugerese que os criadores devam estabelecer normas de conduta quanto a sua obtenção, uso e reuso a sua disposição e se preocupem em aplicar métodos de avaliação e recuperação simples e objetivos.Palavras chave: Aquicultura, piscicultura, qualidade da água Water quality and its use fish farms ABSTRACT. With the increase in the number of farms and consequently an increase in demand and use of water, fish farmers can or even are already becoming favorite targets of environmental organizations, proven by the imposition of rules, laws and requirements, both in the aspect of land use, use / reuse and disposal of water, choice, introduction and translocation of alien or native species, as the health aspects of the product. The development of aquaculture activity, along with the relatively recent awareness of environmental problems, fully justifies the attention it must offer the item "water quality", in particular to that arising from the action of intensive and semiintensivas creations. For water used in aquaculture, it is suggested that farmers should establish rules of conduct as their production, use and reuse your mood and worry in applying evaluation methods and simple recovery and objectives.Keywords: Aquaculture, fish farming, water quality Calidad del agua y su uso en pisciculturas RESUMEN. Con la ampliación del número de criaderos y consecuentemente, el aumento de la demanda y uso del agua, Los acuicultores pueden o hasta que ya se están volviendo albos preferidos de los órganos de control ambiental, comprobadamente por la imposición de reglas, leyes y exigencias, tanto desde el uso de la tierra, uso/reutilización e descarga de las aguas, selección, introducción e translocación de especies exóticas o nativas, cuanto al
Bovine mastitis is the most frequent disease worldwide in dairy herds, causing high economic losses to producers and industry, as well as having implications for public health due to the zoonotic potential of some agents involved in its etiology and the increased risk of antimicrobial residues in milk and its derivatives. Considering the multifactorial aspect of this disease, knowledge of the agents involved in its etiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is very important. This study was conducted with 306 dairy herds from the Campo das Vertentes region, located in the south of Minas Gerais state, whose owners were milk suppliers to a dairy in the same region. The study involved approximately 34,000 dairy cows and covered an area of approximately 12,564 km2. In these herds, prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and their relationship with bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC), total bacterial counts (TBC), and daily production were evaluated. In addition, analyses of resistance of these pathogens to the antimicrobials most commonly used in the treatment of mastitis in dairy herds were performed. Microbiological analyses of milk samples from collect from bulk milk tanks were performed aiming to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. For these proposes, the modified Baird-Parker Agar medium was used for detection of S. aureus and the modified Edwards Agar medium, enriched with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, was used for detection of S. agalactiae. The disc diffusion technique was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results show high prevalence rates of S. aureus (70.3%) and S. agalactiae (67.0%) in the dairy farms studied, with 47.71% of the herds showing both pathogens. Associations between BMSCC and the presence of pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae and between TBC and the presence of S. agalactiae were observed, demonstrating the influence of these pathogens in milk quality. No variation was observed in the distribution of S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the different strata of daily production. High levels of resistance and multi-resistance were observed among the pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The results indicate the need for more effective control measures for mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the dairy herds of the region studied and more judicious use of antimicrobials in order to reduce the problem of resistance to them.
RESUMO.Os zoológicos objetivam a conservação de espécies, o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento profissional, a pesquisa científica, a educação ambiental e o lazer; porém a população busca os zoológicos principalmente para recreação e lazer, sendo que a maioria dos visitantes são famílias com crianças que pretendem apreciar a vida selvagem em companhia, ficando educação, fuga e introspecção menos importante, a oficialização dos zoológicos requer o cumprimento de exigências normatizadas pela legislação de cada país, a aquisição destes animais também precisa obedecer às normas rígidas de importação ou coleta em habitat natural, sendo que a fauna indígena não pode ser vendida nem trocada com outros estabelecimentos a não ser que seja fornecido permissão e aval dos órgãos competentes, condicionada à animais excedentes e devendo ter nascido em cativeiro, dentro das prioridades e obrigações morais dos zoológicos encontra-se a demanda de propiciar condições para que os animais exibam comportamentos naturais e automaticamente otimizem as condições de bem-estar animal.Palavras Chaves: Animais de cativeiro, zoológico, bem-estar animal Animal welfare in zoos and environmental bioethics ABSTRACT. The zoos are aimed at species conservation, professional development and improvement, scientific research, environmental education and leisure. However, the population searches for zoos mainly for recreation and recreation, and most visitors are families with children who want to enjoy wildlife in company, being less important education, escape and introspection, the officialization of zoos requires the fulfillment of requirements regulated by the legislation of each country, the acquisition of these animals must also obey the strict norms of importation or collection in natural habitat, and the indigenous fauna cannot be sold or exchanged with other establishments unless permission is given and endorsed by the competent organs, conditioned to surplus animals and Having been born in captivity, within the priorities and moral obligations of zoos lies the demand to provide conditions for the animals to exhibit natural behaviors and automatically optimize animal welfare conditions.
RESUMO.O conhecimento das doenças, o controle do uso de drogas, da alimentação, da qualidade de água e da presença de agentes patogênicos em todas as etapas do processo de produção aquícola é fundamental para a obtenção de produtos de boa qualidade e proteção da saúde pública, assim como para espécies terrestres, a sanidade é um dos aspectos mais relevantes para a produção comercial de animais aquáticos. Os riscos do surgimento de enfermidades aumentam proporcionalmente à elevação das densidades de estocagem de animais, da quantidade de alimento oferecido, de excretas produzidas, dos manejos e transportes frequentes. A flutuação dos parâmetros de qualidade da água em sistemas aquícolas gera estresse, que afeta o sistema imunológico dos peixes deixando-os susceptíveis ao ataque de patógenos. Palavras chaves: Doenças em peixes, policultivo, animais aquáticos Health problems of Brazilian fish farmsABSTRACT. Knowledge of diseases, control of drug use, food, water quality and the presence of pathogens in all stages of the aquaculture production process is fundamental for obtaining good quality products and protection of public health, As well as for terrestrial species, sanitation is one of the most relevant aspects for the commercial production of aquatic animals. The risks of disease onset increase proportionally to the increased stocking densities of animals, the amount of food offered, excreta produced, handling and frequent transport. The fluctuation of water quality parameters in aquaculture systems generates stress, which affects the immune system of fish leaving them susceptible to attack by pathogens. Keywords: Fish diseases, polyculture, aquatic animalsProblemas sanitarios de las pisciculturas brasileñas RESUMEN. El conocimiento de las enfermedades, el control del consumo de medicamentos, la nutrición, la calidad del agua y la presencia de agentes patógenos en todas las etapas del proceso de producción de la acuicultura es fundamental para obtener productos de buena calidad y protección de la salud pública, así como las especies terrestres, la salud es uno de los aspectos más importantes para la producción comercial de los animales acuáticos. El riesgo de aparición de enfermedades crece proporcionalmente al aumento de las densidades de carga animal, la cantidad de comida que se ofrece, de los
RESUMO.O tétano é uma doença causada pelas toxinas tetanolisina, tetanoespasmina e toxina não espasmogênica, produzidas pela bactéria Clostridium tetani em anaerobiose. Foi atendido um equino da raça manga larga marchador, fêmea de 8 anos de idade, pelagem Tordilha e peso de 400 kg, no exame clínico o animal apresentava andar em forma de cavalete, calda semi erguida e quando manipulada o cabreiro ela apresentava protrusão da terceira pálpebra, não havia machucados, foi examinado os cascos, bem como todo o corpo do animal e não foi encontrado nada, com base no exame físico do animal, bem como os sinais clínicos apresentados o diagnóstico de tétano foi estabelecido. O tratamento foi imediato instituído com soro antitetânico por via intravenosa, terapia com antibióticos e a terapia com relaxantes musculares. O animal se recuperou após 20 dias de tratamento. Palavras chave: Equinos, clostridium tetani, toxinasTetanus in an equine: Case report ABSTRACT. The tetanus is a disease caused by toxins tetanolysin, tetanopasmina not spasmogenic toxin produced by Clostridium tetani bacteria anaerobically. Was served a horse of marchador long-sleeved race, female 8 years old, dark gray coat and weight of 400 kg, the clinical examination the animal had floor-shaped rack, syrup semi erected and when manipulated the goatherd she had third protrusion eyelid was not injured was examined hulls as well as the whole body of the animal and nothing has been found based on the animal physical examination, and clinical signs presented tetanus diagnosis was established. The treatment was immediately established tetanus serum intravenous antibiotic therapy and therapy with muscle relaxants. The animals recovered after 20 days of treatment. Keywords: Equines, Clostridium tetani, ToxinsTétano en equino: Reporte de un caso RESUMEN. El tétano es una enfermedad causada por las toxinas tetanolisina, tetanospasmina y toxina no espasmogénica, producidas por la bacteria Clostridium tetani en anaerobiosis. Fue atendido un equino de la raza manga larga marchador, Hembra de 8 años de edad, pelaje Tordilla y peso de 400 kg, durante el examen clínico el animal presentaba andar en forma de caballete, cola semi levantada y cuando manipulada el cabrero esta presentaba protrusión de la tercera pálpebra, no había lesión, fueron
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