No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The surface tension of water is suspected to show a substantial increase at low temperatures, which is considered to be one of the many anomalies of water. The second inflection point (SIP) anomaly, originally claimed to be at around −8 °C, was experimentally refuted down to −25 °C by Hrubý et al. ( J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 425–428). Recent molecular simulations predict the SIP anomaly near or even below the homogeneous freezing limit of around −38 °C. To contribute to an ongoing discussion about the SIP anomaly, new experiments focused on extreme levels of supercooling were carried out in this study. Unique experimental data down to −31.4 °C were collected using two measuring techniques based on the capillary rise method. A significant deviation from the extrapolated IAPWS formulation R1-76(2014) for surface tension of ordinary water was detected below −20 °C. Contrary to previous data, new experiments provide room for an anomaly in the course of surface tension in the deeply supercooled region.

The generation of gaseous singlet oxygen by gas‐liquid reaction of chlorine with alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide in spray form was studied experimentally on the originally designed device with a fast separation of reacted liquid from gas. The singlet oxygen yield, residual chlorine, and water vapor content in gas were measured under different experimental conditions of the centrifugal spray singlet oxygen generator (CSSOG) using nitrogen as a dilution gas. A characteristic feature of the CSSOG is a high utilization of the chemicals and production of singlet oxygen at a very high total pressure even near the atmospheric pressure. This generator developed originally for driving a chemical oxygen‐iodine laser (COIL) could be employed also as an efficient singlet oxygen source in material science, chemical synthesis, and others.