Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) is extremely rare, but potentially fatal medical condition. In the literature to date, pseudoaneurysms of the splenic artery were described in less than 250 cases. The most frequent cause of this rare condition is pancreatitis. Patients with splenic artery pseudoaneurysms are almost always presented by severe clinical symptoms. Ruptured pseudoaneurysms can cause fatal complications. The aim of this study was to present radiological possibilities in diagnostics of SAP in a patient suffering from chronic pancreatitis. Patient was initially advised for Ultrasound and Color Dopller sonography where lesion suspicion for SAP was made. Further, CT angiography and DSA were performed to provide certain diagnosis. The patient was surgically treated and histopathological examination definitely confirmed diagnose of SAP.

Background/Aim. About 1.8 million new lung cancer cases are diagnosed in the world every year, and about 1.6 million cases are with fatal outcome. Despite improvements in treatment in previous decades, the survival of patients with lung cancer is still poor. The five-year survival rate is about 50% for patients with localized disease, 20% for patients with regionally advanced disease, 2% for patients with metastatic disease, and about 14% for all stages. The median survival of patients with untreated NSCLC in the advanced stage is four to five months and the annual survival rate is only 10%. The main goal of the research is to obtain and analyze the results of treatment with concomitant chemotherapy in terms of its efficacy and toxicity in selected patients with locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Methods. The study included data analysis of 31 patients of both sexes who were diagnosed and pathohistologically verified with NSCLC in inoperable stage III and were referred by the Council for Malignant Lung Diseases to the Radiotherapy Department of the Military Medical Academy for concomitant chemoradiotherapy treatment. Upon expiry of the three-month period from the performed radiation treatment, the tumor resonance was assessed on the basis of MSCT examination of the chest and upper abdomen according to RECIST 1.1 criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). According to the same criteria, progression-free survival (PFS) was also assessed every three months during the first two years, then every 6 months or until the onset of disease symptoms, as well as overall survival (OS). Result. The median progression-free survival is 13 months, and the median overall survival is 20 months. During and immediately after RT, 9 (29%) patients had a grade 2 or higher adverse event. Conclusion. The use of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in patients in the third stage of locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer provides a good opportunity for a favorable therapeutic outcome, with an acceptable degree of acute and late toxicity, and represents the standard therapeutic approach for selected patients in this stage of the disease.

Background/Aim.Since 2014 and the publication of the results of the first study on the accumulation of gadolinium contrast, we have witnessed a growing body of evidence on the deposition and retention of gadolinium in the brain after the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). However, there is still no strong clinical evidence of the adverse effects of GBCAs on the brain. The aim of the study was to determine the existence of gadolinium deposits in the brain of patients with realpsing-remiting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS), after a 10-year follow-up period. During this period the patients have regularly,each year, undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the administration of gadolinium contrast (gadopentetate dimeglumine - Magnevist?) in order to follow the course of the disease. Methods. A cohort of 20 patients was formed for the aim of this study. The ratio of the values of the signal intensity (SI) of different regions of the brain-to- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was compared , for each patient, on the initial MRI examination, and on MRI examination 10 years later . Results. Frontal cortex -to-CSF (p<0.01), occipital cortex-to-CSF (p <0.01), the white matter of the radial corona-to-CSF (p <0.01), parietal cortex-to-CSF (p <0.05), thalamus-to-CSF (p = 0.051), putamen-to-CSF (p =0.06), and anterior and posterior limb of the capsula interna -to-CSF (p=0.062) SI ratios increased after multiple gadopentetate administrations. Conclusion. In the cohort of 20 patients there was a statistically significant increase in SI in the pre-contrast T1W sequence in the following structures: frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex, as well as supratentorial white matter. An increase in the absolute values of the T1W signal in ? patients was registered in the frontal and occipital cortex and cerebellar hemispheres. Slightly less, but more than 55-65% of increase in SI was registered in structures of the parietal cortex, putamen, cornu anterior and posterior of the capsule interna, corpus callosum (CC) splenium, pons, thalamus, nucleus caudatus (NC), substantia nigra (SN), CC genu and temporal cortex.This result speaks in favor of the existence of chronic accumulation of gadolinium contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine, in brain structures.

Introduction/Aim: Lipomas are frequent benign tumors; however, they are rarely localized in bone tissue. Osseous lipomas are categorized according to their location into parosteal, intraosseous, and intracortical. The incidence of intraosseous lipomas is 0.1% of all bone tumors. The most frequent location is in the long tubular bones and calcaneus. This case report aims to present the radiological diagnostics of intraosseous lipoma. Case report: 43-year-old patient with Achilles tendon rupture was admitted to the orthopedic clinic. Radiography of left ankle joint detected a radiolucent, well-circumscribed lesion in the anterior aspect of the calcaneus with a sclerotic board. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bone lesion dimension anteroposterior, craniocaudal, and laterolateral 38 x 22 x 37 mm, composed of peripheral adipose tissue and central calcified nidus, which indicate intraosseous lipoma. Based on histopathological findings, necrotic and viable bone tissue with components of mature and necrotic fatty tissue confirmed the diagnose of intraosseous lipoma. Conclusion: Standard radiographs of bone structures, as the first diagnostic procedure, can make suspects of intraosseous lipoma. MRI and multidimensional computerized tomography can further verify and with more details completely characterize, while histopathological verification is the final step in the diagnose of intraosseous lipoma.

Background/Aim. Prostate cancer (PCa) is second occurring carcinoma that affect males population. Although PCa incidence rates are high, most cases has favorable prognosis, with comfortable long term life quality. This study was aimed to assess distinction of lncRNA GAS5 plasma levels between healthy individuals and patients with PCa, and also between PCa patients with different prognostic scores. Methods. The present study included a total of 40 patients with PCa and a control group of 20 healthy individuals. PCa patients were divided into two subgroups (20 patients each) based on the prognostic criteria of American Joint Committee on Cancer. The patient data were collected and analysed. GAS5 levels were quantified using Real-time PCR metod. Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 computer program (IBM, USA, 2019). Results. The relative quantification of GAS5 expression levels shows downregulation in PCa patients compared to healthy individuals, however the difference was marginaly statistically significant (p = 0.056). With further analysis of the given results, we have concluded that the expression level of GAS5 was not significantly different in the first patient subgroup and the healthy individuals (p = 0.268). Patients from second subgroup had significantly lower plasma levels of GAS5 than healthy individuals (p = 0.033). Levels of GAS5 expression between patients with favorable prognosis (Group 1) than in the patients with worse prognostic score (Group 2), did not indicate the statistical significance (p = 0.275). In both Group 1 (p = 0.805) and Group 2 (p = 0.454), the plasma levels of GAS5 were not significantly different in comparing to the age (? 65 vs > 65 years). Conclusion. One of the main objective in PCa researching is identifying novel and more efficient biomarkers. Conducted research provides strong evidence about the significance of lncRNAs in PCa, as well as the correlation of decreased expression of GAS5 and poor prognosis in various tumours.