In the lakes under study vendace was characterized by different duration of particular stages of male and female gonad development, and different periods of spawning.

Summary: Eggs of Coregonus ulbula were incubated a t temperatures of 1.1, 2.0, 4.9, 6.6, 8.4 and 9.9 "C. The successful hatching is optimum with 61 O/o at 4.9 "C; incubation time andperiod of hatching decrease significantly with rising temperature. The length of eleutheroembryos decreases with rising temperature, the yolk sac volume increases. Between the incubation time till hatching and the body length a significantly positive regression exists in the rangeof 4.9 ... 8.4 "C, for the yolk sac volume the regression is negative, it is significant in the range of2.9 ... 6.6 "C; a t the same time a negative regression exists between the yolk sac volume and the body length. Thus, low temperatures cause a delay of hatching, higher temperatures accelerate hatching and at the same time result in a reduced utilization of the yolk reserves. Besides theseinfluences of temperature on the rate of ontogenetic processes, some autoecological consequences of the influence of temperature result, which have to be taken into account in further investigations.

of Agricult1. m: and Tieclmology, Olsrtyi'I Studies were carried out on gonad differentiation in whitefish ( Coregonus lava.retus L.) reared in aquaria in conditions resembling the natural ones and fed ad libitum with alive zoopiankton.

The aim of the study is to present the differences between the human body posture (HBP) of healthy people and those suffering from specific disorders – both those clearly connected with HBP (scoliosis, coxarthrosis) and those seemingly unrelated (e.g. depression). The study was conducted based on the results of photogrammetric measurements of patients standing in a relaxed posture, scanned with a PBE system (Photogrammetrical Body Explorer). Research was conducted over a group of 190 people. Patients were divided into six subgroups based on diagnosed disease entity: coxarthrosis, discopathy, scoliosis, depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome. A control group constituted of 36 healthy volunteers aged 19–29 years, with no identified defects of body posture. To evaluate the differences between the HBP of healthy and sick people, an HBP model based on 29 parameters describing the HBP in three anatomical planes was created. The research showed significant differences in the HBP of healthy and sick people. The results of the analysis indicate that an objective assessment of the HBP can be a source of relevant information on the general health of the patient and may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of selected diseases.

The human spine is definitively one of the most important parts of a living body. From biomechanical point of view, this organ is the most complicated structure, and a dynamic analysis of its motion still requires more detailed models be created. The aim of this study is to build an accurate computer model of the geometry of the spine and insert it into available skeleton models, used in Vicon. Up to now such models were simplified and that is why they were not sufficient for research of detailed motion of the spine.The paper describes the process of creating models of the vertebrae. During research, authors simultaneously used two techniques: 3D scanning of the vertebrae and computed modeling in 3D graphics software. A universal data format: .obj used to keep the information about surface shape of an object, its colour, texture etc. is presented in detail. In a discussion on Vicon data formats and relations between them, several file types are taken under consideration: marker files: .mkr, global model parameters files: .mp, files of the model structure: .mod. But first of all, step-by-step instructions of how to connect the files with geometrical objects for the visualization purposes, are presented.