BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern with potential implications for the health of a mother and her offspring. However, data on the prevalence and risk factors of GDM in Latin America are scarce.The study was designed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and identify maternal risk factors among Peruvian women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1300 pregnant women attending a prenatal clinic in Lima, Peru. GDM was diagnosed using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) performed between 24 and 28 gestational weeks using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Depression status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors of GDM.ResultsApproximately 16% of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence of obesity and depression were 24.4 and 10.6%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, mid-pregnancy obesity was associated with a 1.64-fold increased odds of GDM (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61). Participants with a family history of diabetes had a 1.5-fold increased odds of developing GDM (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10–2.07) as compared to women without this family history. Depression was associated with a 1.54-fold increased odds of GDM (OR: 1.54; 95% CI:1.09–2.17).ConclusionsGDM is highly prevalent and was associated with maternal obesity, family history of diabetes and antepartum depression among Peruvian women. Intervention programs aimed at early diagnoses and management of GDM need to take maternal obesity, family history of diabetes and antepartum depression into account.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1904-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common and serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, is associated with excess weight and obesity. Little is known about the co-occurrence of OSA among pregnant women from low and middle-income countries.MethodsWe examined the extent to which maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity status are associated with high risk for OSA, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness in 1032 pregnant women in Lima, Peru. The Berlin questionnaire was used to identify women at high risk for OSA. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to examine sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression procedures were employed to estimate odds ratios (aOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for putative confounding factors.ResultsCompared with lean women (<25 kg/m2), overweight women (25–29.9 kg/m2) had 3.69-fold higher odds of high risk for OSA (95 % CI 1.82–7.50). The corresponding aOR for obese women (≥30 kg/m2) was 13.23 (95 % CI: 6.25–28.01). Obese women, as compared with their lean counterparts had a 1.61-fold higher odds of poor sleep quality (95 % CI: 1.00–2.63).ConclusionOverweight or obese pregnant women have increased odds of sleep disorders, particularly OSA. OSA screening and risk management may be indicated among pregnant women in low and middle income countries, particularly those undergoing rapid epidemiologic transitions characterized by increased prevalence of excessive adult weight gain.

No abstract

No abstract

BACKGROUND In order to develop a hormone‐resistant analog to the hormone sensitive cell‐line LNCaP, different methods were tried. METHODS After almost one year of continuous culture in RPMI‐1640, containing a low concentration of androgens, the hormone sensitive cell‐line LNCaP became hormone resistant and was named LNCaP‐r. RESULTS We used the LNCaP/LNCaP‐r model system in order to study methods for the parenteral treatment of prostate carcinoma with estrogens, to study the mechanism of action of estramustine, and to identify markers useful as predictive tests for prostate carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS A model system made up of the hormone sensitive prostate LNCaP cell‐line and the hormone resistant LNCaP‐r subline was developed and characterized. This system is, despite a number of limitations, easy to use as a first step to test different hypotheses that can be studied further in later clinical trials. Prostate 31:198–203, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.