Background:Ultrasound examination is very frequently used for the evaluation of abnormalities in various organs of the body. Our aim was to determine whether the requests by family physicians (FPs) for ultrasound examinations were appropriate. Our secondary objective was to enumerate positive and negative ultrasound reports for various diagnostic indications.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of month between June and August 2010, at the Family Medicine Department of North West Armed Forces Prince Salman Hospital, Tabuk. We reviewed the ultrasound requests of all patients included in this study and the findings of the procedure. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), version 16.0.Results:The requests and reports of 815 patients for ultrasound were reviewed. Females comprised 58.7% of the referred cases. The mean age of the sample at referral was 30 ± 18.5 for females and 34 ± 20.7 for males. Only 46% of the request forms contained conclusive information and instructions. Abdominal/pelvic ultrasounds were the most frequently requested; Nearly 71.2% of the ultrasound scans were normal. Abdominal/pelvis ultrasound was more likely to be reported as normal than ultrasound scans of other regions (P = 0.007). Patients aged 41-60 years were more likely to have an abnormal ultrasound (P = 0.02).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that FPs have to be educated about imaging referral protocols in order to achieve better outcomes.

Amongst diabetes, type 2 diabetes encompasses more than 80% and even higher percentage is present in un-industrialized countries. Kidney disease in diabetic patients is clinically characterized by increasing rates of urinary albumin excretion, starting from no albuminuria, which progresses to microalbuminuria, macro-albuminuria and eventually to End Stage Renal Disease. Dyslipidemia is observed in patients with DM and microalbuminuria. Total cholesterol increases significantly with albuminuria.Objectives:  Frequency of hypercholesterolemia in recent onset type-2 diabetics with microalbuminuria.Methodology:  The study was conducted in Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Services Hospital Lahore. Study was conducted and completed over a period of six months from 15th September 2014 to 15th March 2015. It was a cross sectional survey with non-probability, purposive sampling technique. 200 patients fulfilling the criteria were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained. Demographic information of each patient was noted. Urine was obtained and samples were sent to the laboratory of the hospital and reports were assessed. If the value of albumin is raised in urine analysis (as per operational definition) then albuminuria was labeled. In patients who were diagnosed as with albuminuria, total cholesterol was noted. If cholesterol was > 240 mg/dl, then hypercholesterolemia was labeled by researcher himself.Conclusion:  The results of the study conclude that frequency of microalbuminuria among patients of newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic mellitus is in agreement with other studies while the frequency of hyper-cholesterolemia in patients with microalbuminuria was also recorded higher which needs special physicians attention for its timely management so that patients can be prevented from severe cardio vascular morbidi-ties and mortality.